盐胁迫对干播湿出棉花出苗率和苗期生长发育的影响  

Effects of salt stress on emergence rate and development of cotton seedlings under dry-sowing and wet-emergence planting mode

作　　者：邵晶晶 李鹏程[1] 郑苍松[1] 孙淼[1] 冯卫娜 张先亮[1,2] 董合林 Shao Jingjing;Li Pengcheng;Zheng Cangsong;Sun Miao;Feng Weina;Zhang Xianliang;Dong Helin(Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization,Anyang,Henan 455000,China;Western Agricultural Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [2]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第4期288-301,共14页Cotton Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610162022030);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2023D01A015);新疆维吾尔自治区二次引进项目(2022013)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同盐胁迫条件下应用干播湿出技术对棉花出苗率和苗期生长发育的影响,明确抑制干播湿出棉花苗期生长的土壤盐分临界值,为干播湿出的可持续应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,通过设置对照处理CK(土壤含盐量:0.30 g·kg^(-1))及10个不同的土壤盐分含量处理(T1:1.13 g·kg^(-1);T2:2.47 g·kg^(-1);T3:4.03 g·kg^(-1);T4:5.43 g·kg^(-1);T5:6.75 g·kg^(-1);T6:7.96 g·kg^(-1);T7:9.31 g·kg^(-1);T8:10.66 g·kg^(-1),T9:12.10 g·kg^(-1);T10:13.48 g·kg^(-1)),考察采用干播湿出技术的棉花的农艺性状、干物质质量和K+/Na+。同时各处理设置适墒播种对照试验,分析干播湿出技术对棉花出苗率的影响。【结果】土壤盐分对棉种萌发和出苗有显著抑制作用,而干播湿出技术可显著提高出苗率,与适墒播种相比,应用干播湿出技术的T4~T10处理出苗率提高至69.1%~93.3%。盐胁迫对干播湿出棉花农艺性状和干物质质量的累积有显著影响,干播湿出棉花株高、茎粗、真叶数、蕾数及干物质质量均随土壤含盐量的增加而显著降低,CK、T1和T2处理显著高于T4~T10处理。棉株K^(+)/Na^(+)也随土壤含盐量的增加而显著降低,T4~T10处理显著低于CK、T1和T2处理。基于棉花生长指标的主成分分析结果表明在干播湿出模式下T4~T10处理土壤盐胁迫对棉花生长发育的影响远高于CK、T1~T3处理。【结论】当土壤含盐量高于4.03 g·kg^(-1)(T3处理),盐胁迫显著抑制棉花苗期生长和干物质累积,且棉株内K+/Na+显著降低;干播湿出技术可显著提高盐胁迫下的棉花出苗率,但无法避免盐胁迫对棉花生长发育的影响。基于本试验研究结果,盐胁迫抑制干播湿出棉花苗期生长的土壤盐分临界值为4.03 g·kg^(-1)。[Objective]In order to establish a theoretical basis for sustainable development of dry-sowing and wet-emergence,and determine the critical content of salinity in soil for cotton seedling development under this planting mode,this study analyzed the effects of dry-sowing and wet-emergence technique on emergence rates and the development of cotton seedling under different levels of salt stress.[Method]The pot experiment was conducted to study the agronomic traits,dry weight and K+/Na+ratio of cotton with dry-sowing and wet-emergence technique under salt stress.A control treatment(CK,soil salt content:0.30 g·kg^(-1))and ten treatments with different soil salt content(T1:1.13 g·kg^(-1),T2:2.47 g·kg^(-1),T3:4.03 g·kg^(-1),T4:5.43 g·kg^(-1),T5:6.75 g·kg^(-1),T6:7.96 g·kg^(-1),T7:9.31 g·kg^(-1),T8:10.66 g·kg^(-1),T9:12.10 g·kg^(-1),T10:13.48 g·kg^(-1))were applied.Additionally,the experiment of sowing under suitable moisture was applied to compare the effect of dry-sowing and wet-emergence mode on the seedling emergence rates.[Result]Soil salinity significantly inhibited the germination and emergence of cotton seeds.By using the dry-sowing and wet-emergence technique,the germination rate of cotton significantly improved under salt stress.Compared with sowing under suitable moisture,treatments of T4-T10 using dry-sowing and wet-emergence technique resulted in an increase in the emergence rate to 69.1%-93.3%.Salt stress had significant effects on agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation in cotton by dry-sowing and wet-emergence technique.Plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,square number,and dry matter accumulation of cotton were significantly decreased with the increase of soil salt content.And above-mentioned indexes of CK,T1,and T2 are significantly higher than that of T4-T10.The K^(+)/Na^(+)value of cotton plant was also decreased significantly with the increase of soil salt content,in which treatments of T4-T10 were significantly lower than CK,T1,and T2.The result of the principal component analysis

关 键 词：棉花 盐胁迫 干播湿出 适墒播种 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]