活塞发动机的永磁起发电机无位置传感器控制技术  

Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Starter-generator for Piston Engine

作　　者：罗宗鑫 陈强 薛开昶 LUO Zongxin;CHEN Qiang;XUE Kaichang(National Engineering Research Center for Small and Special Precision Motors,Guizhou Aerospace Linquan Motor Co.,LTD.,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州航天林泉电机有限公司国家精密微特电机工程技术研究中心,贵阳550081

出　　处：《微电机》2023年第9期33-40,共8页Micromotors

基　　金：中央军委装备发展部预研项目(31512040107);空军装备预研项目(303040304)。

摘　　要：针对活塞发动机起动静力矩大、转动惯量小,高速工作时活塞发动机油门响应慢,转速波动大,匹配的外转子永磁起发电机低电感、高频率、无位置传感器,提出基于数学模型与锁相环相结合的无位置估算策略。起动时采用单级锁相环进行转速和位置估算,通过锁相环的高环路增益设计来保证位置估算的快速性。利用发动机惯量小的特点,通过施加随机力矩,使发动机获得较高加速度,产生较高反电势,最终使锁相环快速进入稳定工作状态。通过对角频率进行正向补偿和对正负相频率进行差异限幅,实现反转起动抑制。发电时采用快速稳速内环与慢速稳压外环相结合的控制策略。发电位置与转速估算采用两级锁相环实现,第一级锁相环通过高环路增益设计保证快速性,满足宽转速范围应用需求;第二级锁相环利用第一级锁相环输出的角频率,通过低环路增益设计,实现位置信号计算的精确性。实测结果表明,起动时,在任意发动机静止位置,控制器仅输出2 Nm对应的三相电流,就可实现最大5 Nm阻力矩的发动机正转起动;发电时,转速稳定精度可达±30 r/min,电流频率上限为1 kHz。所提出无位置传感器控制方法适合增程式无人机用活塞发动机。Focused on that piston engine has large static moment and small rotational inertia when engine is started,piston engine throttle response is slow and speed fluctuation is large when engine works at high speed,and external rotor permanent starter-generator,matched with engine,is low inductance,high frequency and sensorless,a sensorless control strategy,based on mathematical model and phase locked loop(PLL),was proposed.A single-stage PLL is used to estimate the speed and position when starting,and fast position estimation was realized by adopting a high loop gain for PLL.According to the characteristic that the engine has small rotational inertia,a random torque was used to power the engine,the engine can obtain high acceleration,and starter-generator can output a detectable voltage,which made the PLL quickly enter stable working state.Inversion starting suppression was realized by setting forward compensation for angular frequency and using difference limiting values for positive and negative angular frequency.A control strategy,which combining the fast speed inner loop with the slow voltage outer loop,was adopted in generation state.In generation state,position and speed estimation were realized by two-stage PLLs.The first-stage PLL adopted high loop gain to ensure fast position estimation at wide speed range.The second-stage PLL adopted low loop gain and used the output angular frequency of the first-stage PLL to ensure the accuracy of position estimation.The experimental results verify that the controller outputs the three-phase current,which corresponds with 2 Nm,can start the piston engine with 5 Nm maximum resistance moment at any stationary position of the engine,and the speed stability accuracy can reach±30 r/min and the upper limit current frequency can reach 1 kHz in generation state.The proposed sensorless control method is suitable for extended range unmanned aerial vehicle adopted piston engine.

关 键 词：无位置传感器控制 活塞发动机 起动发电机 锁相环 

分 类 号：TM341[电气工程—电机] TP272[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]