指示词“这”充任主语的受限性及其原因  

The Limitations of the Deictic Word“Zhe”as Subject and Its Re asons

作　　者：马超 MA Chao(Literature and Journalism School,Dezhou University,Dezhou Sh andong 253023,China)

机构地区：[1]德州学院文学与新闻传播学院,山东德州253023

出　　处：《德州学院学报》2023年第5期38-43,共6页Journal of Dezhou University

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“现代汉语口语中指示词向话语连接成分语法化的研究”(20CYYJ02);德州市哲学社会科学研究课题“当代口语中的9语言变异现象研究”(2022DZZS051)。

摘　　要：学界普遍认为指示词“这”可以作定语和主语,作宾语却受到限制。其实,“这”不仅作宾语受限,作主语也受限,数据统计证明,“这”作主语时语篇功能受限,此外,“这”作主语的句法条件也受限,“这”作主语的句子,其谓语多为非自主动词以及形容词,如果谓语中心语是自主动词,则“这”一般指称动作的受事。“这”充任主语受条件限制有两个原因,一是“这”作为指示词没有词汇意义,二是指示词“这”指称单数个体的功能较弱。It is generally believed in the academic circle that the deictic word“Zhe”can be used as an attributive and subject,but as an object it is restricted.This paper hold s that“Zhe”is restricted not only as an object but also as a subject.Statistics show that when“Zhe”is used as a subject,its discourse function is restricted.In addition,its syntactic conditions are also restricted.In the sentence with“Zhe”as the subject,the predicate is mostly nonautonomous verb and adjective.If the central word of the predicate is an autonomous verb,“Zhe”generally refers to the object of the action.The conditional restriction of“Zhe”as the subject can be attributed to two factors:firstly,its lack of lexical meaning when used as a descriptor;secondly,its relatively weak function as a descriptor for singular individuals.

关 键 词：指示词“这” 主语 篇章功能 句法条件 受限原因 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]