《民法典》必留份适用范围和资格精确化的体系进路  

Systematic Approach to Make Precise Qualification and Application of Necessary Portion in the Civil Code of PRC

作　　者：王彦智 WANG Yanzhi(Civil and Commercial Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2023年第10期75-84,共10页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：《民法典》第1159条第2分句将必留份制度扩张至法定继承和民事执行法,同时《民法典》第1131条遗产酌给请求权降低了《继承法》第14条的实质标准,在法定继承范围内,必留份制度扩张的法律效果是引起了法典体系的不协调,实际上架空了第1131条。因此,有必要放弃第1159条第2分句,让遗产酌给请求权只适用于法定继承,让必留份制度回归遗嘱继承、遗赠领域,在遗产处理时将必留份制度中“必要的遗产”与《民事诉讼法》第251条之“生活必需品”作统一解释。为防止必留份制度重新被改造成特留份制度,应建立《民法典》第1141条必留份制度与婚姻家庭法上法定扶养义务的体系关联,必留份权利人的资格应结合法定扶养义务进行次序安排。The second clause of article 1159 of the Civil Code of PRC seems to expand the necessary portion to intestate succession and Civil Procedure Law,article 1131 lowers the bar of the right of claiming for legacy created by article 14 in Chinese Inheritance Law.Nevertheless,such practice unbalances the system of the Civil Code of PRC and virtually undermines article 1131 in the field of intestate succession.Therefore,the second clause of article 1159 should be cut off in the manner that the right of claiming for legacy is restricted to intestate succession,that the necessary portion is adopted only in the institution of will,and that the same standard of the interpretation should be adopted between article 1159(of the Civil Code of PRC)and article 251(of the Procedure Law).Meanwhile,to insure that forced heirship not be grafted into necessary portion,legal duty of support among relatives should be established when trying to adopt article 1141,that is to say,the qualification of necessary portion should be bonded to legal duty of support.

关 键 词：必留份 特留份 遗产酌给请求权 扶养义务 体系关联 

分 类 号：D923.5[政治法律—民商法学]