20世纪中叶中国生物技术重大突破的经济学阐释  

An Economic Interpretation of Major Breakthroughs in China’s Biotechnology in the Mid-20th Century

作　　者：陶文娜[1] 欧阳峣[1] TAO Wenna;OUYANG Yao

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学大国经济研究中心,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2023年第5期94-101,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式创新的综合优势、模式演进及体制机制的经济学研究”(22&ZD052);湖南省社会科学基金项目“湖南生物产业创新发展战略研究”(21JD014)。

摘　　要：20世纪50至70年代,中国连续实现了人工合成牛胰岛素、青蒿素药物研制和杂交水稻育种技术的重大突破,创造了发展中大国科学技术自主创新的奇迹。从经济学视角展开分析,在“需求-市场-社会”的框架下分析中国生物技术重大突破的影响因素,主要包括国民生存和健康的需求、国内和国外的市场规模以及国家追求技术赶超的强烈愿望。总结三次重大突破的共同特征,由国家统一配置相关资源、全国范围开展协作攻关以及专家长期探索提出技术路线,构成了技术创新的举国体制的基本框架。在社会主义市场经济条件下构建技术创新的新型举国体制,应吸取传统举国体制的经验教训,致力于优化资源配置的机制、构建产学研结合的技术联盟以及推动产业升级和重点产业高质量发展。From the 1950s to the 1970s,China made great breakthroughs in the development of synthetic bovine insulin,artemisinin,and hybrid rice breeding technology,which created a miracle of independent innovation in science and technology in large developing countries.From the perspective of economics,the factors contributing to China's biotechnology breakthrough under the framework of“demand-market-society”mainly include the demand of national survival and health,the scale of market at home and abroad,and the strong desire of the country to catch up in technology.The common features of the three major breakthroughs lie in the country's unified allocation of relevant resources,nationwide cooperation to tackle key problems,and long-term exploration by experts to propose a technical route,which constitute the basic frame of the whole country system of technological innovation.To build a new type of state-owned system of technological innovation under Socialist market economy conditions,we should draw on the experience and lessons of the traditional state-owned system and be committed to optimizing the mechanism of resource allocation,building technological alliances that combine industry,university and research,and promoting industrial upgrading and high-quality development of key industries.

关 键 词：生物技术 自主创新 驱动因素 举国体制 

分 类 号：F426.72[经济管理—产业经济] F324.6