山东省城市饮用水中三氯甲烷时空分布特征及其健康风险评估  

Spatiotemporal distribution of chloroform in drinking water and associated health risk assessment in urban areas in Shandong Province

作　　者：孙文 张晓[1] 杨绪廷[1] 隋少峰 高衍新[1] SUN Wen;ZHANG Xiao;YANG Xuting;SUI Shaofeng;GAO Yanxin(Division of Public Health Monitoring and Assessment,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测评价所,山东济南250014 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心健康危害因素监测与控制科

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2023年第8期848-856,共9页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解2014—2019年山东省城市饮用水中三氯甲烷时空分布特征,并评价其人群暴露健康风险,为制定城市饮用水健康相关政策提供科学依据。方法收集2014—2019年山东省各城市饮用水三氯甲烷浓度数据,分析其浓度变化的时间、空间特征,并利用美国国家环境保护署(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)风险评估方法,分别从经口摄入途径和经皮肤吸收途径计算各城市三氯甲烷人群暴露的致癌风险和非致癌风险。结果山东省城市饮用水中三氯甲烷浓度总体较低,为(0.00331~0.00558)mg/L,低于国家标准限值要求;从时间上分析,山东省城市饮用水中三氯甲烷浓度2016年较低而2019年相对较高;从空间上分析,山东省东部地区和北部城市饮用水中三氯甲烷浓度高于西部和南部城市;各城市饮用水中三氯甲烷人群平均致癌风险均较低,为10^(-8)~10^(-5),青岛、日照、烟台、淄博等城市的三氯甲烷人群最大致癌风险大于10^(-5),存在一定的致癌风险;三氯甲烷经口摄入致癌风险明显大于经皮肤吸收致癌风险;山东省各城市饮用水三氯甲烷非致癌风险均小于1。结论山东省各城市饮用水中三氯甲烷浓度较低,城市间浓度分布存在差异;部分城市饮用水中三氯甲烷存在一定的致癌风险,应采取必要措施降低饮用水中三氯甲烷危害。Objective To understand the spatial and temporal distribution of chloroform(TCM)in drinking water in the urban areas in Shandong Province,and to evaluate the health risk of TCM exposure in the population,to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of health-related policies regarding urban drinking water.Methods Data on TCM concentration in urban drinking water from 2014 to 2019 were collected for analyzing spatiotemporal variation of TCM concentration.The risk assessment method of the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was employed for calculating the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of TCM exposure by oral and skin absorption pathways,respectively.Results The concentration of TCM in urban drinking water in Shandong was(0.00331-0.00558)mg/L,which was lower than the national standard.In terms of temporal distribution,the concentration of TCM in drinking water in urban areas in Shandong was relatively lower in 2016 but higher in 2019.For the spatial distribution,the concentration of TCM in drinking water in eastern and northern cities was higher than that in western and southern cities in Shandong.The average carcinogenic risk of TCM exposure in drinking water for the urban populations in Shandong was 10^(-8)~10^(-5),and the maximum carcinogenic risk of TCM in Qingdao,Rizhao,Yantai and Zibo exceeded 10^(-5),indicating certain carcinogenic risk.The carcinogenic risk of TCM by oral pathway was significantly higher than that by skin absorption.The non-carcinogenic risk of TCM in drinking water in all the cities in Shandong Province was less than 1.0.Conclusions The concentration of TCM in urban drinking water in Shandong Province is generally low,but with marked variation among different cities.In some cities,the TCM exposure in drinking water imposes certain carcinogenic risk,hence some necessary measures should be taken to reduce the harm of TCM in drinking water.

关 键 词：城市饮用水 三氯甲烷 健康风险评估 致癌风险 非致癌风险 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]