章学诚“古文辞由史出”说探微  

A Probe into Zhang Xuecheng's Concept of “Classical Prose Derived from History”

作　　者：伏煦 Fu Xu(the center of Literature Theory and Aesthetics of Shandong University,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文艺美学研究中心,济南250100

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2023年第4期172-181,共10页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“历代别集编纂及其文学观念研究”[项目编号:21&ZD254]阶段性成果。

摘　　要：章学诚在《文史通义·文德》篇提出“古文辞而不由史出,是饮食不本于稼穑也”之说,在“古文辞”中特标举叙事之文,以叙事之文出于史学,而史学源于《春秋》,建构了四部之学视野下的古文统绪。“古文辞由史出”说在章学诚的古文批评实践中亦有所体现,即引入史学义例,提高传记碑志等叙事文体的品格,直指其拘泥于浮词俗忌的弊病。“古文辞由史出”说实际上从属于章学诚贯通四部之学的理论构建,即“六艺”—“战国之文”—“后世之文”,对于“史”的定位,则与“六经皆史”说将“史”视作“先王之政典”存在本质上的差异。Zhang Xuecheng introduced the idea that“classical prose doesn't derive from history,just like food doesn't come from crops”in his General Interpretations of Literature and History(Wenshi Tongyi).Within the realm of“classical prose”,narrative prose holds significance importance and finds its origins in historical events,particularly those chronicled in Spring and Autumn Annuals.These events have contributed to the establishment of the tradition of prose through the lens of the Four Treasures.Zhang's concept of“classical prose derived from history”is further evident in his practice of classical prose criticism.He incorporates historical examples to enhance the nature of narrative genres,such as biography and epitaph,while also offering critiques of the limitations imposed by societal taboos and disingenuous language.In essence,the idea of“classical prose derived from history”aligns with Zhang Xuecheng's theoretical framework,which aimed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the Four Treasures,claiming that the“Six Arts”in the Warring State era and after.It should be noted that there exists a fundamental distinction between the positioning of“history”in the context of the Six Arts in the Warring States era and the viewing of“history”as the governing principles reflected in the notion of“Six Classics as works on governance”.

关 键 词：“古文辞” 叙事之文 古文批评 “六经皆史” 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K092[历史地理—历史学]