广东省2013—2022年物理因素所致职业病流行病学特征和风险分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and risk assessment of occupational diseases caused by physical factors in Guangdong Province,2013-2022

作　　者：周珊宇[1] 温贤忠[1] 黄永顺[1] 王姝 黄浪 严茂胜[1] 李旭东[1] ZHOU Shanyu;WEN Xianzhong;HUANG Yongshun;WANG Su;HUANG Lang;YAN Maoshen;LI Xudong(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2023年第3期279-284,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(C2018018)。

摘　　要：目的分析广东省2013—2022年物理因素所致职业病的流行病学特征,评估其发病形势关键风险点。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”收集广东省2013—2022年网络报告的新发物理因素所致职业病病例和疑似职业病病例资料,进行回顾性分析,并评估物理因素所致职业病发病形势的关键风险点。结果广东省2013—2022年新发物理因素所致职业病病例661例,整体呈现上升趋势,年均增长率为29.6%;病种以职业性手臂振动病和职业性中暑为主,分别占59.5%和39.6%。珠江三角洲地区9个地级市新发病例数占98.5%。行业门类以制造业为主(占77.0%)。新发物理因素所致职业病共涉及294家企业,除职业性手臂振动病病例数量呈现明显的企业聚集性外,其余病种病例数量多为散发性。企业性质以港、澳、台商投资企业和内资企业为主,分别占53.1%和41.4%;企业规模分布以大型和小型企业为主,分别占56.5%和21.4%。27.4%的物理因素所致职业病劳动者在确诊前被界定为疑似职业病,均为职业性手臂振动病和职业性中暑。未来需重点关注职业性手臂振动病的群体性事件、职业性中暑的暴发和疑似职业性手臂振动病的漏诊等风险。结论广东省物理因素所致职业病应重点关注职业性手臂振动病和职业性中暑;职业性手臂振动病群体性发病风险大,建筑工人和环卫工人职业性中暑潜在发病风险大。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases caused by physical factors in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2022,and to evaluate the key risk points of its incidence.Methods The data of newly diagnosed and suspected occupational diseases caused by physical factors in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Occupational Diseases and Hazards Monitoring Information System under China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and were analyzed retrospectively.The key risk points of occupational diseases caused by physical factors were evaluated.Results A total of 661 cases of occupational diseases caused by physical factors were reported in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2022,showing an overall increasing trend,with an average annual growth rate of 29.6%.The major occupational diseases caused by physical factors were occupational hand-arm vibration disease and occupational heat stroke,accounting for 59.5%and 39.6%,respectively.The nine prefecture-level cities of Pearl River Delta region accounted for 98.5%of the new cases.The cases were distributed mainly in the manufacturing industry(77.0%of the cases).A total of 294 enterprises were involved in the analysis of newly diagnosed occupational diseases caused by physical factors.Occupational hand-arm vibration cases appeared to be significantly aggregated in specific enterprises,and other disease cases were mostly sporadic.The types of enterprise registration were mainly Hong Kong-,Macao-,and Taiwan-invested enterprises and domestic-funded enterprises,accounting for 53.1%and 41.4%,respectively.In terms of enterprise size,large-scale and small-scale enterprises accounted for 56.5%and 21.4%of cases,respectively.A total of 27.4%of workers with occupational diseases caused by physical factors were identified as suspected occupational diseases before be diagnosed as occupational diseases,all of which were hand vibration disease and heat stroke In the future,attention should be paid to the risks of mass events

关 键 词：物理因素 职业病 手臂振动病 中暑 流行病学特征 风险 

分 类 号：R135.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]