江苏滨海滩涂湿地盐沼植被动态及机制  

Salt marsh vegetation dynamics and its mechanism in coastal wetlands in Jiangsu Province.

作　　者：任玉蓉 王钰祺 廖安邦 严圣希 刘茂松[1] REN Yurong;WANG Yuqi;LIAO Anbang;YAN Shengxi;LIU Maosong(School of Life Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第10期2327-2335,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506200)资助。

摘　　要：江苏省滨海滩涂湿地资源丰富,但由于围垦等人类活动以及外来物种生态入侵等影响,盐沼植被的面积持续下降。本文基于Landsat遥感影像,利用DSAS系统定量分析,对1985—2020年江苏滨海滩涂湿地潮滩植被带的围堰区、盐沼植被区的规模动态及相关关系、围堰规模的植被效应等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)1985—2020年,潮滩植被带向海显著推进岸段与围堰区规模显著增加岸段在空间上具对应性,变化热点区逐渐南移,期初为射阳河口至北凌河口岸段,2015年后,已南移至梁垛河口至遥望港岸段。(2)盐沼植被与围堰区面积在不同岸段间差异较大,但各岸段间围堰区与盐沼植被面积之比均快速上升,比值由1985年的0.017∶1变为2020年的5.59∶1,围堰区面积与盐沼植被面积呈极显著负相关。(3)随盐沼植被带规模逐渐下降,其与潮滩植被带向海延展速率的相关关系也由显著正相关变为不显著相关,显示盐沼植被带规模对潮滩植被带延展的促进作用具一定的规模效应。Coastal wetland resources are abundant in Jiangsu Province.The area of salt marsh has declined since the 1980s,due to human activities(such as reclamation)and the invasion of alien species.Based on Landsat remote sensing images and the application of Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS),we examined the variations of the reclamation area and salt marsh vegetation area in the tidal flat vegetation zone of coastal wetlands in Jiangsu Province from 1985 to 2020,the relationships between their changes,as well as the vegetation effects of reclamation scale.The results showed that:(1)From 1985 to 2020,the vegetation zone shifted seawards significantly,spatially corresponding an increase of reclamation area.The change hotspot area gradually moved southward,from Sheyang Estuary-Beiling Estuary in 1985 to Liangtuo Estuary-Yaowang Port after 2015.(2)The areas of salt marshes and reclamation varied greatly among different bank sections.The ratio of reclamation area to salt marshes increased rapidly,increasing from 0.017∶1 in 1985 to 5.59∶1 in 2020.The reclamation area was significantly negatively correlated with the salt marsh area.(3)With the gradual decline of the salt marsh vegetation zone,the correlation between the area of salt marshes and the extension rate of tidal flat vegetation shifted from significant positive to non-significant,indicating that the scale of salt marsh vegetation area played a certain role in promoting tidal flat vegetation zone extending to the sea.

关 键 词：滨海滩涂 潮滩植被带 盐沼植被 围堰区 互花米草 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]