人工沉床对富营养化河道净化效果及水体微生物群落的影响  

Effects of constructed submerged plant bed on purification effect of eutrophic river and microbial community in water body.

作　　者：徐盼盼 何培民 何文辉 XU Panpan;HE Peimin;HE Wenhui(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Water Environment&Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization,Shanghai 201702,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海河湖生物链构建与资源化利用工程技术研究中心,上海201702

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第10期2410-2418,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：“十三五”水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07205);上海市科技计划项目(20DZ2250700)资助。

摘　　要：对于透明度低、富营养化严重的河道,难以直接在河底种植沉水植物净化水质。通过构建穗花狐尾藻人工沉床系统,对上海临港一典型富营养化河道进行生态修复。结果表明:人工沉床可通过沉水植物吸收和改变微生物群落结构及多样性,达到脱氮除磷、提高水体透明度效果。沉床修复30 d后,水体透明度升高了152.2%,水体叶绿素a浓度降低了87.4%,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)和活性磷(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)浓度平均去除率分别为61.0%、76.4%、91.8%和76.6%,与对照区差异显著(P<0.05)。修复后水体微生物多样性提高,改变了门、属水平群落结构以及水体氮处理细菌结构,提高了磷处理细菌丰度;冗余分析进一步表明,TP、NH_(3)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和PO_(4)^(3-)-P是导致沉床修复不同时期水体门水平群落结构差异的主要驱动因子,变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门与TP、NH_(3)-N、PO_(4)^(3-)-P均呈显著正相关,与NO_(3)^(-)-N呈显著负相关,放线菌门和蓝细菌门则相反。研究结果为富营养化河道生态修复工程提供了理论及技术支撑。With low channel transparency and serious eutrophication,it is impossible to directly plant submerged plants at the bottom of the river to purify water.Therefore,a typical eutrophic channel in Shanghai Lingang was restored by constructing a submerged plant bed system of Myriophyllum spicatum.The results showed that the constructed submerged plant bed could reduce nitrogen and phosphorus and improve the transparency of water body via enhancing nutrient uptake by submerged plants and influencing the structure and diversity of microbial community.After 30 days of applying the submerged plant bed,water transparency increased by 152.2%and chlorophyll-a concentration decreased by 87.4%.The average removal rates of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),and active phosphorus(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)concentrations in water were 61.0%,76.4%,91.8%,and 76.6%respectively,being significantly different from the control area(P<0.05).The submerged plant bed increased microbial diversity,changed the horizontal community structure at phylum and genus levels,changed the structure of nitrogen-involved bacteria,and increased the abundance of phosphorus-involved bacteria in the water body.Results of redundancy analysis showed that TP,NH_(3)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,and PO_(4)^(3-)-P were the main driving factors for the differences of community structure at phylum level in different periods of submerged bed restoration.Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Firmicutes had significant positive correlation with the concentrations of TP,NH_(3)-N and PO_(4)^(3-)-P,but negative correlation with NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration.The case was opposite for both Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria.Our results provide theoretical and technical supports for the ecological restoration project of eutrophic rivers.

关 键 词：人工沉床 水体透明度 穗花狐尾藻 水质 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173