宿州市区幼儿园儿童2018—2022年贫血状况  

Status of anemic among kindergarten children within Suzhou urban area from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：周碧 侯媛媛[1] 杨潇 石宗玉 李迎 朱峰[1] ZHOU Bi;HOU Yuanyuan;YANG Xiao;SHI Zongyu;LI Ying;ZHU Feng(Department of Paediatrics,Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Suzhou(234000),Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学附属宿州医院儿科,234000

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第9期1324-1327,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：安徽医科大学校科研基金项目(2021xkj195)。

摘　　要：目的了解宿州市市区幼儿园儿童2018—2022年贫血状况和变化趋势,为幼儿园儿童贫血的预防和干预提供参考依据。方法2023年3月对市区所有幼儿园采用随机数字表抽样方法,收集2018—2022年幼儿园儿童入园/在园体检资料,共24178人次,体检资料包括血红蛋白(Hb)、身高、性别、体重等,将2018—2019年定义为新冠病毒感染疫情前,将2020—2022年定义为新冠病毒感染疫情期间;采用Mann-Whithey U检验、χ^(2)检验和Spearman相关系数分析数据。结果2018—2019年间幼儿园小班、中班、大班儿童Hb值的M(P25,P75)分别为118(112,129)、120(112,132)、122(113,134)g/L;2020—2022年间小班、中班、大班儿童Hb值的M(P25,P75)为116(110,123)、117(111,124)、119(112,126)g/L,3个年级年份间差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-10.7,-12.7,-12.9,P值均<0.05)。2018—2022年儿童总贫血数共4584人次,总贫血率为19.0%;2018—2019年幼儿园儿童总贫血率为15.3%,低于2020—2022年的20.7%(χ^(2)=100.8,P<0.05);2022年幼儿园儿童总贫血率(24.5%)高于2020年(20.6%)和2021年(17.0%)(χ^(2)=93.9,P<0.05)。2018—2019年小班、中班和大班儿童的贫血率分别为13.9%,14.7%和17.1%,2020—2022年分别为19.3%,15.9%,26.6%,2018—2022年分别为17.6%,15.5%,23.6%,大班儿童的贫血率均高于小班和中班(χ^(2)值分别为10.7,204.6,186.8,P值均<0.01)。贫血男童、女童和所有儿童的Hb值与其体质量指数(BMI)的相关性均无统计学意义(r值分别为0.03,0.03,0.09,P值均>0.05)。结论宿州市区幼儿园儿童贫血率在国内偏高,新冠病毒感染疫情可能增加了儿童贫血风险。Objective To understand the current situation and trends of anemia among kindergarten children in urban area of Suzhou from 2018 to 2022,so as to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and intervention in anemia among kindergarten chil-dren.Methods From March 2023,a total of 24178 person-times of children from 59 kindergartens selected by random number ta-ble method were enrolled,and their physical examination data from 2018 to 2022 were collected,including hemoglobin(Hb),height,gender,weight.The period of 2018-2019 was defined as before the C0VID-19 epidemic,and period of 2020-2022 was defined as the COVID-19 epidemic.Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test,χ^(2) test and Spearman's correlation analy-sis.Results From 2018 to 2019,the M(P2,Prs)of Hb levels of children in nursery,middle,and senior class were 118(112,129),120(112,132)and 122(113,134)g/L,respectively,which were higher than that of during 2020-2022[116(110,123),117(111,124),119(112,126)g/L,Z=-10.7,-12.7,-12.9,P<0.05].A total of 4584 person-times of children were ane-mic,with a detection rate of 19.0%.The overall anemia detection rate of kindergarten children during 2018-2019 was lower than that in 2020-2022(15.3%vs 20.7%,χ^(2)=100.8,P<0.05).The anemia detection rate of kindergarten children in 2022(24.5%)was higher than that in 2020(20.6%)and in 2021(17.0%)(χ^(2)=93.9,P<0.05).The anemia prevalence of children in the nurser-y,middle,and senior class were 13.9%,14.7%and 17.1%during 2018-2019,19.3%,15.9%and 26.6%during 2020-2022,and 17.6%,15.5%and 23.6%during 2018-2022,respectively(χ^(2)=10.7,204.6,186.8,P<0.01).There was no statistically sig-nificant correlation between Hb values and body mass index(BMI)in boys and girls with anemia,and all children in kindergarten(r=0.03,0.03,0.09,P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among kindergarten children in the urban area of Suzhou is relatively high.The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the risk of anemia among children.

关 键 词：贫血 患病率 血红蛋白类 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R556[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R193