基于质点模型的船用空压机振动诊断与分析  

Vibration diagnosis and analysis of marine air compressor based on particle model

作　　者：刘金 张浩 蔡晓涛 方正 黄志武 LIU Jin;ZHANG Hao;CAI Xiaotao;FANG Zheng;HUANG Zhiwu(Jiangnan Shipyard(Group)Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 201913,China;Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute,Shanghai 201108,China)

机构地区：[1]江南造船(集团)有限责任公司,上海201913 [2]中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所,上海201108

出　　处：《流体机械》2023年第9期99-104,共6页Fluid Machinery

基　　金：船舶与海洋工程特种装备和动力系统国家工程中心资助项目。

摘　　要：针对某船用空压机出现的振动故障问题,进行设备振动测试,得出振动的主要频率为空压机的基频。通过建立质点有限元模型,进一步明确振动的具体原因是空压机基频激励引起的系统共振。经过分析给出具体的振动控制措施,通过调整隔振器刚度改变空压机隔振系统的固有频率,从而避免空压机额定转速激励下的共振现象。在实船对空压机进行振动复测,设备振动速度总值由原先的船宽方向61.3 mm/s、船长方向28.4 mm/s、垂向33.5 mm/s,降低到船宽方向22.7 mm/s、船长方向19.3 mm/s、垂向26.2 mm/s,振动水平满足标准限值要求,说明振动问题得到有效解决。该研究可为船用机械设备出现异常振动时的判断、识别以及治理提供十分有益的参考。In order to solve the vibration fault problem of an air compressor,the equipment vibration test was carried out,and it was concluded that the main frequency of vibration was the fundamental frequency of the air compressor.By establishing a particle model,it was further clarified that the specific cause of the vibration is the system resonance caused by the fundamental frequency excitation of the air compressor.After analysis,specific vibration control measures were given,and the natural frequency of the air compressor system was changed by adjusting the stiffness of the vibration isolator,so as to avoid the resonance phenomenon under the excitation of the rated speed of the air compressor.The total vibration velocity of the equipment was reduced from 61.3 mm/s in the width direction,28.4 mm/s in the captain direction and 33.5 mm/s in the vertical direction to 22.7 mm/s in the width direction,19.3 mm/s in the captain direction and 26.2 mm/s in the vertical direction,respectively,and the vibration level met the standard limit requirements,indicating that the vibration problem was effectively solved.This research can provide a very useful reference for the judgment,identification and treatment of abnormal vibration of marine machinery and equipment.

关 键 词：空压机 质点模型 固有频率 共振 振动控制 

分 类 号：TH138[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]