涉外离婚财产分割的法律适用  

Choice of Law for Property Division in Divorce Cases Involving Foreign Elements

作　　者：王诣博 Wang Yibo

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第5期120-137,共18页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国涉外民商事审判中选法规则的实证研究”(项目编号:18BFX218)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：中国国际私法大量采用与本国民法相同的法律概念,并且通常依照民法的理解方式解释相应的国际私法上的概念,在离婚冲突法方面情况即是如此。中国法院倾向于依国内民法将离婚财产分割问题识别为离婚问题。然而,由于国际私法的概念具有自主解释的可能性,因此国际私法的概念实际上也可以与本国民法的概念有不同的理解。在《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》(下文简称《法律适用法》)的框架下,诉讼离婚只适用法院地法,这一立法模式导致将涉外离婚财产分割识别为离婚问题并不是最佳的方案。从离婚财产分割的性质以及大陆法系的通行做法出发,将其识别为夫妻财产关系更为妥当。《法律适用法》第24条关于夫妻财产关系的冲突规则存在一定的立法缺陷,所幸这些缺陷并没有对离婚财产分割的法律适用造成负面影响。但应明确的是,当离婚财产分割牵涉夫妻与第三人之间的财产关系时,从保障第三人利益和交易安全的角度出发,《法律适用法》第24条意思自治的效力不能及于该第三人。Chinese private international law heavily employs the same legal concepts as the country's civil law and usually interprets the corresponding private international law concepts in accordance with the civil law.This is also true in the context of divorce,where Chinese courts tend to characterize the property division as a divorce issue.However,because of the independence of the concept of private international law,the concept of private international law can actually be understood differently from the concept of civil law.Under the framework of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Choice of Law for Civil Relationships Involving Foreign Elements,only the lex fori applies to divorce by litigation,and this legislative model results in the characterization of divorce property division involving foreign elements as a divorce issue.However,it is not the best characterization solution.From the nature of property division and the common practice of countries with civil law tradition,it is more appropriate to characterize it as an issue of marital property regime.There are certain legislative flaws in Article 24 regarding the conflicts rules on marital property relations,which fortunately do not negatively affect the legal application of property division.However,it should be clear that when the property relationship between a spouse and the third party involves the division of divorce property,the effect of the autonomy of Article 24 cannot be applied to that third party from the perspective of protecting the interests of the third party and the safety of the transaction.

关 键 词：财产分割 离婚 夫妻财产关系 识别 意思自治 法院地法 

分 类 号：D997.1[政治法律—国际法学]