花后氮肥调控对春玉米叶片光合性能及产量的影响  

Effects of Applied N Post-Anthesis on Photosynthetic Property of Leaf and Grain Yield for High-Yielding Spring Maize Production

作　　者：陈日远 马倩 杨艳 刘鹏 阚凤玲 崔振岭[2] CHEN Ri-yuan;MA Qian;YANG Yan;LIU Peng;KAN Feng-ling;CUI Zhen-ling(Beijing Goldenway Bio-tech Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100080;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司,北京100080 [2]中国农业大学,北京100020

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第4期131-139,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

摘　　要：为研究花后追施氮肥对春玉米产量、根系及叶片光合性能的影响,本试验根据春玉米全生育期氮肥调控方案(INM)的最优施氮量(ONR)基础上,在春玉米吐丝期(R1)、乳熟期(R2)设置3个追氮处理,R1、R2期不追施氮肥(N1处理);R1、R2期按照ONR方案追施氮肥(N2处理);R1、R2期在ONR方案基础上氮肥施用量增加50%(N3处理)。通过2年田间试验结果表明,与花后不再追施氮肥相比(N1),花后追施氮肥(N2、N3)能显著增加玉米功能叶的SPAD值和R2期叶面积指数(LAI),在每次追氮10 d后可提高穗位叶净光合速率(P_(n)),从而维持春玉米长灌浆时间和高灌浆速率,产量平均增加13.2%、22.0%。春玉米吐丝后28 d,取0~60 cm土层玉米根系分层分析后表明,花后追氮对春玉米总体根系形态和总根重无显著影响,但显著增加了10~20 cm和50~60 cm土层的根长和根表面积,对玉米后期延衰、维持叶片功能和养分、水分吸收有促进作用。在R1、R2期分别增施50%施氮量(N3),较N2(ONR)处理的春玉米叶片光合性能、根系形态及产量均有提高趋势。This study aimed to evaluate maize physiological,root system,and yield changes in response to in-season nitrogen management(INM)with respect to post-silking N fertilization of spring maize.N2(ONR)determined for INM by subtracting soil nitrate-N content measured at the maize root layers from the target N value.N3 treatment with the same N application pre-silking as N2 and plus an additional application of 50%of the target N value at silk-ing stage(R1)and milking stage(R2).N1 treatment control with the same N application pre-silking as N2 and N3,but non-topdressing N at post-silking.Compared with N1 treatment,the average yield of N2,N3 increased by 13.2%and 22.0%.Added N application post-anthesis(N2,N3)can increase functional leaves SPAD value,leaf area index(LAI),which can slow the aging of maize and increased intensity of photosynthesis of maize and the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of panicle leaves could be increased after 10 days of nitrogen topdressing.Added N application post-anthesis did not significantly increase the total of root length,root surface area and root weight.However,root length and root surface area in the 10-20 cm and 50-60 cm soil layers were significantly increased by nitrogen application post-anthesis.In addition,N3 was showed an increasing trend in leaf photosynthetic performance,root morphology.and yield of spring maize compared to N2(ONR)treatment.

关 键 词：春玉米 花后追氮 产量 光合速率(Pn) 根系形态 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]