干旱区覆膜滴灌和施氮量对夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响  

Responses of Physiological Indexes of Drip-irrigated Summer Maize to Different Nitrogen Application Rates with Mulch and without Mulch

作　　者：刘云柯 李丰琇 孙飞雪 刘锐华 韩明生 刘峻岐 LIU Yun-ke;LI Feng-xiu;SUN Fei-xue;LIU Rui-hua;HAN Ming-sheng;LIU Jun-qi(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院/新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第4期140-147,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01B28);自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2021Y024);天山青年计划(2020Q078);“新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治自治区重点实验室”2021年开放课题(ZDSYS-JS-2021-07);新疆农业大学2022年大学生创新项目。

摘　　要：以新玉9号为试验对象,设置覆膜与不覆膜滴灌条件下3个施氮水平(368.88、278.40和187.92 kg/hm^(2))及1个对照(当地灌溉施肥制度),共计7个处理,研究新疆地区覆膜/不覆膜滴灌条件夏玉米SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质累积量、产量及产量构成因素对不同施氮量的响应。结果表明,不同施氮梯度条件下,夏玉米各生长指标总体呈现出随着施氮量的增大先增大后减小的变化趋势。定量分析覆膜与不覆膜滴灌条件玉米各生长指标发现,覆膜滴灌玉米产量比不覆膜滴灌平均提高16.84%~37.32%,覆膜处理的夏玉米各生育期总干物质积累量、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数均值比不覆膜分别提高48.05%、18.14%、41.65%。因此,在南疆地区采用覆膜滴灌方式且施氮量在278.4 kg/hm^(2)左右时可较好满足玉米正常生长且产量较高。To improve the nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize in arid areas,Xinyu 9 was taken as the ex-perimental object and set three nitrogen application levels(368.88 kg/ha,278.4 kg/ha,and 187.92 kg/ha,respective-ly)and a control treatment with mulch and non-mulched drip irrigation(total of eight treatments).The response of SPAD value,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,yield,and yield components to different nitrogen application rates with mulch and non-mulched drip irrigation were analyzed quantitatively.The results showed that under differ-ent nitrogen application gradients,the growth indexes of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.Quantitative analysis of the growth indexes of maize with mulch and non-mulched drip irigation showed that the yield of film mulched drip rrigation maize increased by 16.84%-37.32%on average than non-mulched drip irrigation maize.Additionally,the total dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD values,and leaf area index during various growth stages of summer maize under film mulching treatment were 48.05%,18.14%,and 41.65%higher than those without film mulching,respectively.Therefore,adopting film mulching drip irrigation with a nitrogen application level of approximately 278.4 kg/ha can better meet the normal growth requirements of maize and achieve higher yields in southern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：夏玉米 氮肥运筹 生长指标 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]