减氮配施有机肥对豫西旱区玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Western Henan Arid Region

作　　者：吕梦 黄明 侯园泉 歹英豪 焦念元 尹飞 赵振欣 付国占 LÜMeng;HUANG Ming;HOU Yuan-quan;DAI Ying-hao;JIAO Nian-yuan;YIN Fei;ZHAO Zhen-xin;FU Guo-zhan(School of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology/Henan Dry Land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Luoyang 471023;Luoyang Mengjin Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Luoyang 471100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院/河南省旱地农业工程技术研究中心,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省洛阳市孟津区农业技术推广服务中心,河南洛阳471100

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第4期158-164,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项“河南多热少雨区小麦-玉米周年集约化丰产增效技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0300707);国家重点研发计划重点专项“黄淮海南部小麦-玉米周年光热资源高效利用与水肥一体化均衡丰产增效关键技术研究与模式构建”(2017YFD0301101)。

摘　　要：采用大田小区定位试验,设5种施肥处理模式,分别为不施氮肥(CK)、农户习惯施肥(CF)、减氮纯施化肥(R)、减氮配施20%有机肥(R_(20))和减氮配施40%有机肥(R_(40)),研究豫西半湿润偏旱地区冬小麦-夏玉米1年2熟区氮肥减量配施有机肥两年后对玉米干物质积累和分配、氮素积累和分配、产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施氮处理玉米干物质积累总量、氮素积累总量和子粒产量平均分别比对照增加17.07%、31.63%和36.61%。R_(20)处理氮肥利用效率显著提高40.01%~60.63%,氮肥农学效率显著提高35.86%~82.78%,氮肥偏生产力显著提高5.14%~32.93%,肥料贡献率显著提高24.10%~55.63%。因此,R_(20)处理可实现玉米稳定增产,是提高氮肥利用效率的合理施肥方法。To determine the appropriate nitrogen management measures for winter wheat and summer maize double cropping in the semi-humid and semi-arid region of Western Henan,the field plot positioning test was ad-opted,and five fertilization treatment modes were set up,namely,no nitrogen fertilizer(CK);Farmers'habitual fertil-ization(CF);N reduction and pure application of chemical fertilizer(R);Reduce N and apply 20%organic fertilizer(R_(20));Reduce N and apply 40%organic fertilizer(R_(40)).The effects of reduced N fertilizer combined with organic fer-tilizer on dry matter accumulation and distribution,N accumulation and distribution,yield and N use efficiency of maize were studied.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation,N accumulation and grain yield of Maize under N application treatment increased by 17.07%,31.63%and 36.61%,respectively.R_(20)treatment significantly increased N use efficiency by 40.01%-60.63%,N agronomic efficiency by 35.86%-82.78%,N partial productivity by 5.14%-32.93%,fertilizer contribution rate by 24.10%-55.63%.Therefore,R_(20)treatment can achieve stable yield increase of maize under the conditions of this experiment,which is a reasonable fertilization method to improve nitro-gen use efficiency.

关 键 词：玉米 减氮施肥 有机肥 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]