节水灌溉与有机肥配施对关中地区夏玉米氮肥利用的影响  

Effects of Water-saving Irrigation and Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer on Nitrogen Utilization of Summer Maize in Guanzhong Area

作　　者：王鸣燕 宿顺顺 冯浩 吴淑芳[1] 胡亚瑾 陈霁菲 WANG Ming-yan;SU Shun-shun;FENG Hao;WU Shu-fang;HU Ya-jin;CHEN Ji-fei(College of Water Resource and Architectural,Northwest A&F University,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid and Semiarid Areas of China,Yangling 712100;Lanxin Water Conservancy Engineering Design Co.,Ltd.of Liangxiang,Beijing 102488;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]北京良乡蓝鑫水利工程设计有限公司,北京102488 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第4期165-172,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700)。

摘　　要：为寻求更适合关中地区夏玉米的灌溉施肥管理措施,本研究通过田间试验,采用充分灌溉(W1)与减少灌溉量50%的非充分灌溉(W2)两种灌溉方式,设置3种不同的施肥处理,F1(化肥)、F2(24%有机肥+76%化肥)、F3(48%有机肥+52%化肥),研究减少灌溉水量和配施有机肥对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,节水灌溉和有机无机肥配施可提高植株对氮素的吸收、累积和转运水平。有机无机肥配施与不同灌溉量的交互作用对作物0~100 cm土层硝态氮含量影响显著。节水灌溉和有机肥配施处理均提高了夏玉米的子粒产量以及氮肥利用效率,W2F2处理的产量达到最高为6287.3 kg/hm^(2)。综上,节水灌溉(W2)和配施24%有机肥+76%土肥(F2)相结合的处理对应的氮素利用效果最好。For searching more suitable irrigation and fertilization management measures for summer maize in Guanzhong area,this study adopted two irrigation methods,full irrigation(W1)versus 50%less irrigation(W2),through field experiment.Three different fertilization treatments were set up:F1(chemical fertilizer),F2(24%organ-ic fertilizer+76%chemical fertilizer)and F3(48%organic fertilizer+52%chemical fertilizer),We hope to find the effects of reducing irrigation amount and combining application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on summer maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that,water-saving irrigation and combined application of or-ganic and inorganic fertilizer could improve the absorption,accumulation and transport of nitrogen.The interaction between organic and inorganic fertilizer application and different irrigation amount had a significant effect on the soil NO_(3)^(-)-N content in 0-100 cm soil layer.Both water-saving irrigation and combined application of organic fertil-izer improved the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize,and the yield of W2F2 reached the high-est of 6287.3 kg/ha.In conclusion,the combined treatment of water-saving irrigation(W2)and 24%organic fertilizer(F2)had the best N use efficiency.

关 键 词：夏玉米 灌水量 有机肥 产量 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]