长期不同轮作方式对黄壤区水稻产量和养分吸收及土壤养分含量的影响  

Effects of Long-term Different Cropping Rotations on Rice Yield,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Contents in Yellow Soil Region

作　　者：左琴 刘彦伶[2,3,4] 李渝 黄兴成[2,3,4] 张雅蓉 朱华清[2,3,4] 杨叶华 熊涵 张文安 蒋太明 ZUO Qin;LIU Yan-ling;LI Yu;HUANG Xing-cheng;ZHANG Ya-rong;ZHU Hua-Qing;YANG Ye-Hua;XIONG Han;ZHANG Wen-an;JIANG Tai-ming(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Farmland Conservation and Agro-Environmental Science Observation and Experimental Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang 550006,China;National Soil Quality Observation and Experiment Station,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [3]农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵州贵阳550006 [4]国家土壤质量贵阳观测实验站,贵州贵阳550006 [5]贵州省农业科学院,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第4期881-888,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060302);黔农科院国基后补助[2021]52号;黔农科院科技创新[2022]09号;黔土肥技术[2022]8号;贵州省农业科学院青年科技基金项目(黔农科院青年基金[2022]20号);贵州省科学技术基金(黔科合基础[2020]1Y411)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨长期不同轮作方式与施肥条件下对水稻产量、植株养分吸收利用及对土壤养分含量的影响,为黄壤地区合理轮作方式选择提供参考。【方法】依托25年的黄壤(稻田)长期定位试验,选取4种轮作方式:水稻单作(RM)、水稻-小麦轮作(RWR)、水稻-油菜轮作(RRR)、水稻-绿肥轮作(RMR),分析比较各轮作方式作物产量、植株氮磷钾养分吸收情况及土壤养分含量的差异。【结果】不同轮作方式2016~2020年水稻平均产量表现为RWR>RRR>RM>RMR,但各处理之间差异不显著。与RM处理相比,RWR、RRR和RMR处理水稻秸秆和籽粒平均氮磷钾养分含量分别提高10.9%~37.0%、63.6%~101.6%、11.9%~17.6%和7.1%~20.4%、19.7%~37.6%、6.0%~8.1%;秸秆和籽粒平均氮磷钾养分吸收量分别提高15.0%~45.4%、69.7%~113.9%、16.1%~24.8%和3.7%~22.6%、15.9%~40%、2.6%~10.1%;水稻植株平均氮磷钾养分总吸收量分别提高8.0%~30.2%、22.3%~44.8%、12.9%~21.3%。各轮作处理水稻秸秆和籽粒氮磷钾养分含量、吸收量及吸收效率大小均表现为:RWR>RRR>RMR。与RM处理相比,各轮作处理土壤有机质提高37.0%~41.1%、全氮提高1.7%~28.6%、碱解氮提高24.4%~47.5%、有效磷提高2.2%~54.8%。【结论】在现有种植制度与施肥条件下,多种轮作方式均可维持水稻产量不降低,且能提高单位面积土地生产力、提高水稻植株氮磷钾养分吸收量、改善土壤肥力。[objective]The aims were to investigate the effects of long-term rotation and fertilization on rice yield,plant nutrient uptake and utilization,and soil nutrient content,so as to provide reference for rational rotation selection in yellow soil area.[Methods]Based on the 25-year yellow soil(paddy field)long-term located experiments,four crop rotation patterns were selected:rice monoculture(RM),rice-wheat rotation(RWR),rice-canola rotation(RRR),and rice-green manure rotation(RMR).The differences in crop yield,plant nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)nutrient uptake and soil nutrients were compared among different crop rotation patterns.[Result]The average rice yield of different rotations from 2016 to 2020 was RWR>RRR>RM>RMR,but there was no significant difference among treatments.Compared to RM processing,RWR,RRR and RMR treatments increased the average N,P and K contents of rice straw and grain by 10.9%-37.0%,63.6%-101.6%,11.9%-17.6%and 7.1%-20.4%,19.7%-37.6%,6.0%-8.1%,respectively.The average N,P and K uptake of straw and grain were increased by 15.0%-45.4%,69.7%-113.9%,16.1%-24.8%and 3.7%-22.6%,15.9%-40%,2.6%-10.1%,respectively.The total uptake amounts of N,P and K were increased by 8.0%-30.2%,22.3%-44.8%and 12.9%-21.3%,respectively.The N,P and K nutrient content,absorption amount and absorption efficiencies of rice straw and grain in each rotation treatment showed the following order:RWR>RRR>RMR.Compared with RM treatment,soil organic matter was increased by 37.0%-41.1%,total N by 1.7%-28.6%,alkali-hydrolyzed N by 24.4%-47.5%,and available P by 2.2%-54.8%.[Conclusion]Under the current cropping system and fertilization conditions,various cropping rotations could maintain rice yield without decreasing,increase land productivity per unit area,increase N,P and K uptake of rice plants,and improve soil fertility.

关 键 词：黄壤 长期轮作 水稻 养分吸收 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]