滇西典型甘蔗种植地土壤环境质量及风险评估  

Soil Environmental Quality and Risk Assessment of Typical Sugarcane Plantation in Western Yunnan

作　　者：张庭婷 汪沛 黄建洪[1] 马进强 吴佩雨 张琴 王晋昆[3] ZHANG Ting-ting;WANG Pei;HUANG Jian-hong;MA Jin-qiang;WU Pei-yu;ZHANG Qin;WANG Jin-kun(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Tibet Hua Tailong Mining Development Co.,Ltd,Lhasa 850200,China;Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650034,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]西藏华泰龙矿业开发有限公司,西藏拉萨850200 [3]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第4期920-929,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：A国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1802603);B国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1904103)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】为评估云南省边境地区典型甘蔗地耕地土壤重金属的生态风险和人体健康风险,共采集281个耕层(0~30 cm)土壤样品和10个土壤背景样品,测定了镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)8种元素的含量。【方法】利用地累积指数法和健康风险评估概率模型,分析研究区土壤重金属含量特征、生态风险和人体健康风险水平。【结果】研究区土壤中绝大部分重金属元素(Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr和As)的背景值均显著低于云南省土壤背景值,但Hg高于全省背景值,Pb未见显著差异;蔗田土壤中8种重金属的变异系数介于27.5%~82.5%之间,处于中等变异水平。蔗田土壤Cd和Cr的含量显著高于该研究区的土壤背景值,但所有元素的平均含量均低于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)的筛选值;人为活动造成了蔗田土壤Cd、Cr、Ni和Cu的生态风险。蔗田土壤重金属暴露导致的成人男性、女性和儿童的致癌风险和非致癌风险均处于可接受水平,致癌风险和非致癌风险的敏感性参数分别为土壤接触频率、土壤Cr浓度和体重,土壤接触频率、土壤Ni、Pb和As浓度和体重。【结论】土壤重金属评价反映该地区土壤质量处于清洁水平,建议今后加强施肥管理。[Objective]The aim was to evaluate the ecological and health risk of soil heavy metals in typical sugarcane production farmland in the border area of Yunnan Province.[Method]A total of 281 soil samples(0~30 cm)and another 10 soil background samples were collected for the determination of 8 heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Cu,Ni,Zn,Cr,Hg and As).The geo-accumulation indices(Igeo)were calculated and the probabilistic health risk models were run to evaluate ecological and health risk,respectively.[Result]The background values(BV)of most heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Ni,Zn,Cr and As)in the soils of the study area were significantly lower than the corresponding provincial ones,excepting that the BV of Hg was higher than that of Yunnan Province and there was no significant difference in Pb.The variation coefficients of 8 heavy metals were at the medium variation level ranged from 27.5%to 82.5%in the soil of sugarcane field.The contents of Cd and Cr in sugarcane fields were higher than their local BV,but the average contents of 8 heavy metals were below the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land(GB15618-2018).Human activities had caused ecological risks of Cd,Cr,Ni and Cu in sugarcane field soils.The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of adult males,females and children caused by heavy metal exposure in sugarcane field were all at an acceptable level.The sensitivity parameters of carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk were the frequency of soil contact,soil Cr concentration and body weight,soil contact frequency,soil Ni,Pb and As concentration and body weight,respectively.[Conclusion]In general,the evaluation of soil heavy metals reflected that the soil quality in the region was at a clean level,and it was suggested to strengthen fertilization management in the future.

关 键 词：蔗田 土壤 重金属 生态风险 健康风险 蒙特卡罗 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]