进境大豆种子携带真菌的分离与鉴定  

Isolation and Identification of Fungi on Imported Soybean

作　　者：杨瑾 李凯兴 李培谦 Yang Jin;Li Kaixing;Li Peiqian(Department of Life Science,Yuncheng University,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]运城学院生命科学系,山西运城044000

出　　处：《大豆科技》2023年第5期16-20,共5页Soybean Science & Technology

基　　金：山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0564);运城学院院级科研项目(QZX-2021003)。

摘　　要：为做好进境大豆检疫、监管工作,防止外来危险性病原菌在我国定殖、传播,造成危害,文章对2021年经南通海关进境的美国、乌拉圭和巴西大豆种子携带病原真菌进行分离,通过形态学观察和分子生物学手段对分离物进行鉴定。结果表明,不同国家进境大豆种子带菌率表现为美国>巴西>乌拉圭。经3代纯化培养后,共得到21个分离物,初步鉴定其分属青霉属(Penicillium spp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)和壳球孢属(Macrophomina spp.)。其中曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)真菌分离率最高,占比为57%。乌拉圭进境大豆种子分离得到黄曲霉(A.flavus)和菜豆壳球孢(M.phaseolina);巴西进境大豆种子分离得到菜豆壳球孢(M.phaseolina)、伪青曲霉(A.pseudoglaucus)、黄曲霉(A.flavus)和共青霉(P.commune);美国进境大豆种子分离得到红曲霉(A.ruber)、冠突曲霉(A.cristatus)和共青霉(P.commune)。以上鉴定结果为进境大豆检疫、监管工作提供了指导,同时为大豆真菌病害鉴定及进境大豆种子质量检测提供了参考。To carry out the inspection and administration of imported soybean,for preventing imported dangerous pathogens colonization,spread and loss in China,this study isolated and identified the fungi on imported soybean from the United States,Uruguay and Brazil that entered through Nantong Customs in 2021 by morphology and molecular identification.The results showed that the contamination rates of imported soybean seeds from different countries were as follows:United States>Brazil>Uruguay.After three times cultivation,21 isolates were obtained and identified to Penicillium spp.,Aspergillus spp.,Macrophomina spp.by morphology.Dominant population was Aspergillus spp.in totally 57%.A.flavus and M.phaseolina were isolated on soybean from Uruguay.M.phaseolina,A.pseudoglaucus,A.flavus and P.commune were isolated from Brazil soybean.A.ruber,A.cristatus and P.commune were isolated on soybean seed from the United States.The study provided direction to carry out the inspection and administration of imported soybean,and provided reference to identify fungi from soybean and to evaluate the quality of imported soybean.

关 键 词：进境大豆 真菌 分离 鉴定 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]