生育支持政策提升了女性生育意愿吗?——基于企业—员工匹配数据的实证研究  

Have China's Fertility Support Policies Boosted Women's Fertility Intention?--Empirical Findings Based on the Enterprise-Employee Matching Data

作　　者：黄乾[1] 范子昂 Huang Qian;Fan Ziang

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2023年第5期18-34,共17页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“全面二孩政策对老年人健康的影响、作用机制与社会支持政策模拟”(编号:72074128)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章基于2013和2017年企业—员工匹配数据,实证研究了企业实施生育假、生育补贴、工作—家庭平衡计划3种政策对育龄女性员工生育意愿的影响。研究结果表明:(1)各项政策均显著提升了女性的生育意愿,其中工作家庭平衡计划的效果最明显,但政策效应在国际上仍处于较低水平;(2)各项政策效应存在异质性,生育假对未育、29岁及以下、高学历、大城市女性员工作用更大,生育补贴对29岁及以下、40岁及以上、中小城市女性员工作用更大,工作—家庭平衡计划对已育、高收入、高工作强度、大城市女性员工作用更大;(3)不同的生育支持政策通过产生“成本效应”或“和谐效应”,进而提升生育意愿;(4)不同政策之间能产生良性互动,政策组合对女性生育意愿的促进效应大于单项政策。文章研究结论深化了学界关于生育支持政策效果及作用机制的认识,为“全面三孩”时代的配套支持政策改革提供了参考。Based on the mixed cross-sectional data of enterprise-employee matching in 2013 and 2017,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of three policies,including maternity leave,birth subsidy and work-family balance plan,on the fertility intention of childbearing-aged female employees.We find that:First,all the three policies have significantly increased the fertility intention.The policy impact is most significant for the work-family balance plan,but the effect is relatively lower in the world.Second,the policy effects are heterogeneous.Maternity leave has a greater impact on female employees who are childless,young,highly educated,or in large cities.Child subsidies have a greater impact on female employees aged 29 and below,40 and above,or in small to medium-sized cities.The work-family balance plan has a greater impact on female employees who have children,high income,high work intensity,or in large cities.Third,the mechanism analysis shows that different fertility incentive policies can produce a"cost effect"or a"harmony effect",which in turn boosts fertility.Fourth,there are positive interactions between different policies,and the supply effect of policy combinations is greater than that of individual policies.Our study deepens the rational understanding of the effectiveness and mechanism of birth support policies,and can provide reference for the policy reform in the new era.

关 键 词：生育支持政策 生育意愿 生育成本 工作家庭平衡 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学]