大型银行服务重心下沉对农村金融机构信贷行为的影响  

The Influence of Large Banks'Service Focus Sinking on the Credit Behavior of Rural Financial Institutions

作　　者：王修华[1] 刘锦华 WANG Xiuhua;LIU Jinhua

机构地区：[1]湖南大学金融与统计学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2023年第8期102-125,共24页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“接续推进脱贫地区乡村振兴的金融支持研究”(编号:21&ZD115);湖南省研究生科研创新项目“大型银行服务重心下沉的多维效应研究”(编号:CX20220444)的资助。

摘　　要：本文以“大型银行服务重心下沉”为一项准自然实验,基于中国665家农村金融机构年度数据,运用连续DID模型考察了大型银行服务重心下沉对农村金融机构信贷行为的影响。研究发现:大型银行服务重心下沉显著降低了农村金融机构的贷款集中度与贷款规模,撬走了其大型客户,挤压了其贷款空间,产生“掐尖效应”。但是,大型银行服务重心下沉没有改变农村金融机构的贷款结构,未能推动其信贷业务零售化转型,尚未产生“竞争效应”。路径分析表明,大型银行服务重心下沉既能对农村金融机构的企业贷款进行“掐尖”,也能“挤出”其抵押贷款,从而降低农村金融机构的贷款集中度与贷款规模。进一步分析发现,大型银行服务重心下沉通过倒逼农村金融机构下调贷款利率深化普惠金融服务。此外,大型银行服务重心下沉改变了农村金融机构的收入结构,在降低农村金融机构净息差的同时,也提高了其非利息收入。本文为大型银行服务重心下沉引发的“掐尖效应”提供了实证支撑,也为农村金融机构差异化经营与银行业错位竞争、良性竞争提供了经验借鉴与政策启示。Based on the annual data of 665 rural financial institutions in China,this paper uses a continuous DID model to investigate the impact of large banks'service focus sinking on the credit behavior of rural financial institutions.We find that the sinking of large banks'service focus reduces the loan concentration and loan scale of rural financial institutions,poaches their large customers,squeezes their loan space,and forms a"pinching effect".However,the sinking of large banks'service focus has not changed the loan structure of rural financial institutions,not promoted the retail transformation of their credit business,and not produced"competition effect".Path analysis shows that the sinking of large banks'service focus can not only"pinch"corporate loans of rural financial institutions,but also"squeeze out"their mortgage loans,so as to reduce the loan concentration and loan scale of rural financial institutions.Further analysis shows that the sinking of large banks'service focus deepens inclusive financial service by forcing rural financial institutions to reduce loan interest rates.In addition,the sinking of large banks'service focus changes the income structure of rural financial institutions,reducing their net interest margin while increasing their non-interest income.This paper provides empirical evidence of the"pinching effect"caused by the sinking of large banks'service focus,and insights and policy implications for the differentiated operation of rural financial institutions and the benign dislocation competition in the banking industry.

关 键 词：大型银行 服务重心下沉 农村金融机构 贷款集中度 贷款规模 贷款结构 

分 类 号：F832.0[经济管理—金融学]