农村父母外出对婴幼儿早期发展的影响——来自云南省891个家庭的证据  

The Impact of Rural Parental Migration on Early Childhood Development:Evidence from 891 Families in Yunnan Province

作　　者：白钰 宣智翀 刘承芳 BAI Yu;XUAN Zhichong;LIU Chengfang

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学经济学院 [2]中央民族大学中国兴边富民战略研究院 [3]北京大学现代农学院 [4]北京大学中国农业政策研究中心

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2023年第8期148-167,共20页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“基于实验追踪数据的早期养育干预与农村儿童能力形成研究”(编号:22CJL032);国家自然科学基金杰出青年项目“农村教育管理与政策”(编号:71925009);国家自然科学基金国际合作重点项目“中国和发展中国家农村儿童营养改善方式及影响和机理的比较研究”(编号:71861147003)资助。

摘　　要：本文基于2019年和2020年对云南省昭通市鲁甸县891名3岁以下婴幼儿及其家庭实地调查所形成的面板数据,分析了农村父母外出状况及其对婴幼儿早期发展的影响。结果表明:第一,2019年样本婴幼儿认知、语言、运动和社会情感能力发展滞后的比例分别为52.2%、54.2%、32.2%和51.0%,上述四种能力至少一种发展滞后的占86.2%。第二,2019年7-12月或2020年1-6月期间父母至少一方外出、仅父亲外出、父母都外出累计超过3个月的婴幼儿比例分别为55.3%、33.8%和21.5%。第三,与父母都未外出的婴幼儿相比,父母至少一方外出使得婴幼儿的语言和运动能力得分分别降低0.197和0.192个标准差,这一结果主要由父母都外出的婴幼儿驱动(语言和运动能力得分分别降低0.319和0.277个标准差),仅父亲外出对婴幼儿的上述能力无显著影响。第四,机制分析结果显示,父母外出并没有给婴幼儿早期发展带来正向的收入效应,反而减少了家庭对婴幼儿早期发展有利的支出,加之主要照养人的养育参与行为和心理健康状况变差,故不利于留守婴幼儿早期发展。建议在加大农村地区促进婴幼儿早期发展投入的同时,加强对农村家庭婴幼儿照护的支持和指导。长期来看,应进一步推动户籍制度改革,保障农业转移人口就地享有基本公共服务,提升未来人力资本质量。Based on panel data obtained from on-site surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020 among 891 children aged three and below as well as their families,in Ludian County,Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province,this study analyzes the rural parental migration and its impact on early childhood development.The results are as follows:First,the proportions of sampled children experiencing delays in cognitive,language,motor,and socio-emotional development were 52.2%,54.2%,32.2%,and 51.0% in 2019,respectively.A total of 86.2% of sampled children experienced delays in at least one aspect of their development.Second,from July to December 2019 or from January to June 2020,the percentages of infants and toddlers with at least one parent migrating,the father migrating only,and both parents migrating for a cumulative period exceeding three months were 55.3%,33.8%,and 21.5%,respectively.Third,compared to children living with parents,when at least one parent migrated,infants and toddlers experience decreases of 0.197 and 0.192 standard deviations in the scores of their language skills and athletic abilities,respectively.These decreases are driven mainly by both parents migrating which induces decreases of 0.319 and 0.277 standard deviations in the the scores of language skills and athletic abilities.The father migrating only does not have a significant impact on the aforementioned abilities of infants and toddlers.Fourth,the mechanism analysis reveals that parental migration does not bring positive income effects to early childhood development,but instead reduces the favorable expenditure for early childhood development.Moreover,the primary caregiver's involvement and mental health deteriorate,thereby hindering the development of left-behind infants and toddlers.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen support and guidance for the care of infants and toddlers in rural families and increase investment in promoting early childhood development in rural areas.In the long term,efforts should be made to promote the reform of the household registration sy

关 键 词：父母外出 婴幼儿早期发展 养育投资 父亲养育参与 照养人心理健康 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]