家畜有机氟中毒的检验与防治  

Detection and Control of Organic Fluorine Poisoning in Livestock

作　　者：王强 乔蕾 海顺 孙皓 荣花 WANG Qiang;QIAO Lei;HAI Shun;SUN Hao;RONG Hua(Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Keyou Front Banner,Xing'an,Inner Mongolia,Xing'an 137400,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古兴安盟科右前旗动物疫病预防控制中心,内蒙古兴安盟137400

出　　处：《兽医导刊》2023年第1期45-48,共4页Veterinary Orientation

摘　　要：有机氟(氟乙酰胺、氟乙酸钠)是速效灭虫剂、杀鼠药的成分,毒性强,使用方便,应用广泛,家畜因误食有机氟毒饵及被毒饵污染的植物、死鼠脏器等而中毒。要依据家畜接触有机氟病史和临床症状做出初步诊断,采集剩余饲料、胃内容物、肝及血液等材料进行检验,证实有机氟的存在后,及时采取有效措施对症治疗。有机氟检验主要包括氟乙酰胺和氟乙酸钠检验,其中,氟乙酰胺的检验方法有羟肟酸反应法、茜素锆褪色法和薄层层析法,氟乙酸钠的检测方法有氟代醋酸反应法和铝-苏木素反应法。检验的步骤包括备检材料的样本采集、检材样本处理、检验试剂配比、检验操作和判定、进行检验诊断分析。解毒方式因中毒类型的不同而存在较大差异,针对畜牧类的有机氟中毒,乙酰胺(解氟灵)是氟乙酰胺中毒的特效解毒剂。在中毒出现的并发症治疗中,镇静可注射氯丙嗪;解除呼吸困难可用尼可刹米;解除肌肉痉挛可静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙;为了提高血糖(中毒时血糖降低),可静脉注射高渗葡萄糖溶液。Organic fluorine(fluoroacetamide,sodium fluoroacetate)is a quick-acting insecticide and rodenticide,which is highly toxic,easy to use and widely used.Livestock are poisoned by accidental ingestion of organic fluorine bait and plants and dead rat organs contaminated by the bait.According to the history of exposure to organic fluorine and clinical symptoms of livestock,apreliminary diagnosis is made,and the remaining feed,stomach contents,liver and blood are collected for examination to confirm the existence of organic fluoride.Take effective measures in time for symptomatic treatment.The test of organic fluoride mainly includes fluoroacetamide and sodium fluoroacetate.among them,the testing methods of fluoroacetamide include hydroxamic acid reaction method,alizarin zirconium discoloration method and thin layer chromatography.The detection methods of sodium fluoroacetate are fluoroacetic acid reaction method and aluminum-hematoxylin reaction method.The inspection steps are sample collection of preparation materials,sample treatment,test reagent ratio,test operation and determination,and test and diagnosis analysis is carried out on the basis of the pathogenesis of fluoride poisoning.Detoxification methods vary greatly due to different types of poisoning.Acetamide(Jiefulin)is a specific antidote for fluoroacetamide poisoning in livestock.For the treatment of complications of poisoning,chlorpromazine can be injected for sedation;nikethamide can be used to relieve dyspnea;calcium gluconate can be injected intravenously to relieve muscle spasm;in order to increase blood sugar(blood sugar decreases during poisoning),hypertonic glucose solution can be injected intravenously.

关 键 词：氟乙酰胺 瘤胃内容物 检材 过滤 

分 类 号：S856.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]