对比较优势原理的双重误解——评新结构经济学与新李斯特经济学之争  

Double Misunderstanding of the Principle of Comparative Advantage:Comment on the Debate between New Structural Economics and Neo-Listian Economics

作　　者：刘乐易 曹越洋 蔡继明 Liu Leyi;Cao Yueyang;Cai Jiming(School of Economics,Zhejiang Gongshang University;School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business;School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学经济学院,310018 [2]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,100070 [3]清华大学社会科学学院,100084

出　　处：《经济思想史学刊》2023年第3期52-82,共31页Bulletin of the History of Economic Thought

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学探索”(批准号:16ZDA241);清华大学自主科研项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学探索”(批准号:20165080065)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新结构经济学将比较优势原理固化为静态理论,误以为进口替代与赶超战略违反了比较优势原理;而新李斯特经济学则基于新结构经济学的误解,进一步断言比较优势原理不适合作为发展中国家产业政策的理论基础,从而产生了对比较优势原理的双重误解。回溯经济思想史,比较优势原理是分工交换的基础机制,不仅在静态上可以解释自由贸易的产生,在动态上也适用于贸易保护理论的观点。当我们科学全面地理解了比较优势原理,就可以得出更准确的结论:追求静态比较优势的出口导向政策与追求动态比较优势的进口替代政策都有各自的收益与损失,需要我们在不同阶段相机抉择。New structural economics solidifies the principle of comparative advantage into a static theory,and mistakenly believes that the catching up strategy through import substitution violates the principle of comparative advantage;while the Neo-Listian economics is based on the misunderstanding of new structural economics and further asserts that the principle of comparative advantage is not suitable as a theoretical basis for industrial policy in developing countries,which results in a double misunderstanding of the principle of comparative advantage.Looking back on the history for economic thought,the principle of comparative advantage is the basic mechanism of division of labor and exchange,which can not only explain the emergence of free trade in static terms,but also apply to the perspective of trade protectionism theory in dynamic terms.When we scientifically and comprehensively understand the principle of comparative advantage,we can reach a more concrete conclusion that both the export orientation policy pursuing static comparative advantage and the import substitution policy pursuing dynamic comparative advantage have their own gains and losses,and we need to make discretionary decisions at different stages.

关 键 词：比较优势原理 出口导向与进口替代 静态与动态 新结构经济学 新李斯特经济学 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易]