战后初期美国对中立国政策  

U.S.Policy Towards Neutral Countries in the Early Postwar Era

作　　者：梁志[1] Liang Zhi

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系暨社会主义历史与文献研究院,上海200241

出　　处：《历史研究》2023年第4期135-156,M0006,M0007,共24页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国对朝鲜半岛政策档案文献整理与研究(1945—2001)”(21&ZD245)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：二战结束前后,在大国关系急剧变动的影响下,“中立”作为同盟对立面出现在美国外交话语与实践中。面对中立国对中立地位的坚守和苏联的“中立攻势”,美国逐步放弃将中立国纳入其全球反共同盟体系,转而推行塑造亲西方“中立”政策,主要表现为积极促使中立国加入联合国,竭力通过经济和军事等手段,瓦解瑞典、瑞士和奥地利的中立地位,诱迫它们在冷战中站在西方一边,在一定程度上成为美国“准同盟国”。美国塑造亲西方“中立”的根本目的,是在保证国家绝对安全的基础上谋取全球霸权。Around the end of the Second World War,the diplomatic discourse and practice of the United States,influenced by Cold War ideology,viewed"neutrality"as antithetical to alliance.Facing persistence among the neutral countries and the"neutrality offensive"conducted by the Soviet Union,the U.S.gradually abandoned the goal of integrating them into its global anti-Communist alliance system,instead formed a pro-Western"neutrality"'policy,which was mainly manifested in urging neutral countries to join the United Nations and tried its best to dismantle the neutrality of Sweden,Switzerland and Austria through economic and military means.The United States aimed to induce the neutrals to side with the West in the Cold War,and thus,to a certain extent,to transform them into"quasi-U.S.allies".The fundamental purpose of the United States in shaping pro-Western"neutrality"'was to ensure its absolute national security as a basis for seeking global hegemony.

关 键 词：美国 中立国 联合国 冷战 霸权 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]