收入分布、环境政策与清洁技术转型  

Income Distribution,Environmental Policy and Clean Technology Transition

作　　者：孙巍[1,2] 夏海利 SUN Wei;XIA Haili(Center for Quantitative Economics,Jilin University;School of Business and management,Jilin University)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学数量经济研究中心 [2]吉林大学商学与管理学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2023年第10期115-136,共22页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD790023);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助计划(2022CXTD25)的资助。

摘　　要：清洁技术偏向理论认为技术变迁对遏制气候变化和改善环境质量发挥着重要作用,其中清洁投入价格和要素市场规模是激励清洁技术转型的关键因素,然而对需求侧的拉动作用未能给予充分重视。为弥补上述理论局限,本文构建了具有消费品质量创新的清洁技术偏向模型揭示:由于不同收入的居民对消费品价格变动和自身收入调整存在差异性反应,清洁型消费品的相对价格和相对市场规模驱动了清洁技术创新,进而需求侧对清洁技术转型和碳减排发挥直接的拉动作用;收入不平等调节着(污染型和清洁型)两类消费品的市场规模,对清洁技术的创新激励产生直接影响,决定了清洁技术偏向和碳排放拐点的出现;环境政策的必要性在于扭转污染技术的初始领先地位,在相对价格和相对市场规模上为清洁型消费品创造优势以加快清洁技术创新,从而收入分布会影响环境政策的规制效果;引入非对称的技术进步方式,即污染技术和清洁技术分别源自“干中学”和需求引致创新,理论模型不仅刻画了技术的路径依赖特征,而且合理揭示了碳排放呈现的“倒U型”趋势。Economic theories emphasize the importance of technical change in curbing climate warming and improving environmental quality,but the pulling effect of the demand side has not been adequately investigated.This is because the analysis of demand-induced clean technology innovation under the representative consumer and the homothetic preference assumptions are insufficient.To overcome the above limitations,the present study introduces income distribution,non-homothetic preference,and asymmetric technological progress to build a directed clean technology model with consumer goods quality innovation.We reveal the intrinsic mechanisms between income inequality,environmental policy,and clean technology transition.The main theoretical innovations of this study are as follows.First,previous studies emphasize the relative price of clean input and the size of the labor force in the clean sector as determinants of the transition to clean technology,i.e.,these studies overemphasized the supply-side factors.In contrast,this study characterizes the direct pulling role played by the demand side and attributes the drivers of the transition to clean technology to the relative price and relative market size of clean consumer goods through demand-included innovation.Second,the present study extends the mechanism through which income inequality works with carbon emissions or environmental quality.Unlike the mechanisms of the declining law of marginal propensity to emit,the decision rule of environmental policy from a political economy perspective,and the view that income inequality affects the innovation and diffusion of clean technology,we reveal that income inequality affects incentives for clean technology innovations through the relative trade-offs between the price effect and the market-size effect and then acts on the channel of directed clean technologies and carbon emissions.Third,the present study introduces two different approaches to technical change,that is,learning by doing and demand-induced innovation for dirty and cle

关 键 词：收入分布 需求引致创新 清洁技术转型 环境政策 碳排放 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学]