地域分散型多项目时间/成本权衡问题  

Time/Cost Trade-off Problem in Decentralized Multi-project Scheduling

作　　者：赵松 徐哲[1] 刘东宁 ZHAO Song;XU Zhe;LIU Dong-ning(School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2023年第9期62-72,共11页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72271012)。

摘　　要：实践中多项目可能分散在不同的地域,制订多项目计划时全局资源在项目间的转移时间不能忽略;项目活动有不同的执行模式,投入的预算越多,活动工期越短。地域分散型多项目时间/成本权衡问题涉及总预算在项目间的合理分配、全局资源在项目间的转移以及预算约束下的项目工期优化问题。针对该问题特点设计一种遗传算法,对带有预算约束的局部项目调度问题进行求解,采用序贯博弈谈判机制协调总预算在多项目间的分配并制订全局资源转移计划。基于多项目标准算例集MPSPLIB开展实验研究,一方面,探究求解该问题的序贯博弈谈判机制的协调效果;另一方面,分析并讨论问题规模、资源冲突强度和总预算对全局目标值的影响。In practice,multiple projects may be located in different locations,therefore,the global resource transfer times cannot be neglected when making multi-project scheduling plans.Besides,project activities have different execution modes,activity durations can be shortened by increasing the budget.Both global resource transfer times and budget constraints are considered and the time/cost trade-off problem in decentralized multiproject scheduling is proposed.Based on a multi-agent system,a two-stage model including local scheduling model and global coordination model is constructed,each project agent(PA)independently schedules the cor⁃responding single project under the allocated budget constraints to minimize the project makespan,and the coordination agent(CA)uses a coordination mechanism to eliminate budget competition conflicts to minimize average project delay(APD).The local scheduling is the discrete time/cost trade-off problem under budget constraints(DTCTP-B),a new genetic algorithm is designed to solve it.The sequential game negotiation mechanism is employed to coordinate the allocation of the total budget among multiple projects and make the global resource transfer plans.To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm,45 instances are selected from MPSPLIB and converted into the problems studied in this paper.Experimental results show that compared with the heuristic method,the method proposed in this paper is more effective and can further reduce APD.The results of parameter analysis show that both problem size and global resource conflict degree have influences on the APD,and the influence of the global resource conflict degree is greater.Taking instance 2 of problem subset MP30_5 as an example,the influence of total budget input on APD is analyzed and discussed.

关 键 词：地域分散型多项目调度 资源转移 预算分配 时间/成本权衡 序贯博弈谈判机制 

分 类 号：N945[自然科学总论—系统科学]