知识产品交易、边界障碍与效率损失评估  

Knowledge Trading,Boundary Barriers and Efficiency Losses

作　　者：吴小康 铁瑛[3] Wu Xiaokang;Tie Ying

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学经济管理学院 [2]南京大学亚太发展研究中心 [3]上海对外经贸大学国际经贸研究所

出　　处：《世界经济》2023年第10期170-195,共26页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：江苏省社科基金(23EYB013);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72273087);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.30923011107);上海市“曙光计划”(20SG53)的资助。

摘　　要：本文创建了一个新颖的城市间专利交易数据集,探讨知识产品交易中的边界障碍,并评估了潜在的效率损失。经验事实表明,行政边界显著抑制了专利交易:平均而言,同城专利交易数量是同省相邻城市的约17.654倍,而同省相邻城市专利交易数量是跨省相邻城市的约2.406倍,“省界”比“市界”更难跨越。机制研究发现,制度性交易成本是边界障碍的重要来源,以专利交易中心和知识产权法庭等新型制度安排为例的研究表明,制度质量提升可以有效降低边界障碍。最后,本文构建理论框架刻画了微观主体的专利交易行为,结构式评估了边界造成的效率损失并分解其来源。结果表明,约78.8%的城市发生效率损失,效率损失的均值和中位数分别为3.5%和4.2%,制度成本对效率损失差异的解释力是距离的5.5倍以上。本文结论意味着,深化供给侧结构性改革,构建知识产品的“统一大市场”,是优化知识要素配置和提高创新效率的关键。This paper creates a novel dataset on patent trading between cities,exploring boundary barriers to knowledge trading and assessing potential efficiency losses.Empirical evidence shows that crossing boundaries significantly suppresses patent trading.On average,patent trading in the same city is approximately 17.654 times higher than between neighbouring cities in the same province,while,on the other hand,patent trading between neighbouring cities in the same province is approximately 2.406 times higher than between neighbouring cities across provinces,indicating that"provincial boundaries"are more difficult to cross than"municipal boundaries".Mechanism analysis indicates that the institutional transaction costs constitute an important source of boundary barriers.Through new institutional arrangements,such as patent trading centres and intellectual property courts,it is proven that improving institutional quality can effectively reduce boundary barriers.Finally,the paper constructs a theoretical framework to describe the patent trading behaviour,structurally assessing efficiency losses caused by boundaries and ultimately breaking down their sources.The results indicate that approximately 78.8% of cities experience efficiency losses,with a mean and median of 3.5% and 4.2% respectively.The explanatory power of institutional costs on the difference in efficiency losses is more than 5.5 times that of distance.The conclusion of this paper suggests that deepening supply-side structural reform,constructing a large unified market for knowledge and supporting relevant policies are crucial for optimising knowledge allocation and improving innovation efficiency.

关 键 词：知识产品 专利交易 边界障碍 效率损失 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]