工农产品价格剪刀差及其制度基础问题:一个历史的回顾和总结  

Price Scissors Difference of Industrial and Agricultural Products and Its Institutional Basis:A Historical Review and Summary

作　　者：杨春学 Yang Chunxue

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2023年第5期18-29,共12页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：工农业产品价格剪刀差是人为设计出来的一种产品不平等的交换方式,是计划经济体制中的一种特殊产物,并非是存在于所有交换经济形态类型中的一种普遍现象,更不可能存在于竞争性市场经济中。中国的剪刀差是以明显不同于苏联的一组制度安排来实现的,且把这组制度安排的核心——统购统销视为对农业和工商业进行社会主义改造的重要组成部分。对于通过这种制度安排而形成的资本积累数额的估计存在着很大的分歧,但可以确认这种积累对国家的贡献是巨大的。同时,不能忘记这种偏袒性的制度安排让农民、农村和农业做出了巨大牺牲,这种牺牲还应包括非经济的影响。这一历史插曲是探索社会主义发展道路所付出的代价。随着社会主义经济市场化改革的深入,统购统销和剪刀差完成了其历史使命。The price scissors difference of industrial and agricultural products is a kind of unequal exchange methods designed by artificial system.It is a special product of the planned economic system.It is not a common phenomenon existing in all types of exchange economy and even less likely to existing in a competitive market economy.The scissors difference in China(mainland)is realized by a set of institutional arrangements that is obviously different from that of the Soviet Union.The core of this set of institutional arrangements-unified purchase and marketing-is regarded as an important part of the socialist transformation of agriculture and industry and commerce.There is considerable disagreement as to the estimates of the amount of accumulation resulting from such institutional arrangements,but it can be recognized that the contribution is substantial.At the same time,it must not be forgotten that such partial institutional arrangements have imposed enormous sacrifices on farmers,rural areas and agriculture,which should also include non-economic impacts.This historical episode is a heavy price to be paid for exploring the path of socialist development.With the deepening of the market-oriented reform of social economy,the unified purchase and marketing and the scissors difference have completed their historical mission.

关 键 词：工业化 统购统销 剪刀差 积累量 

分 类 号：F726[经济管理—产业经济]