中国共产党成立前后的中日唯物史观比较  

The Japanese and Chinese Understandings of Historical Materialism Before and After the Founding of the Communist Party of China:A Comparison

作　　者：祁建民[1,2] Qi Jianmin

机构地区：[1]日本长崎县立大学国际社会学院 [2]山西大学中国社会史研究中心

出　　处：《近代史研究》2023年第5期39-55,M0003,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：中国共产党成立前后,来自日本的社会主义理论虽然传播较广,但中国早期社会主义者对唯物史观的认识却与日本输入的理论存在重大差异。日本社会主义者的唯物史观带有进化论和机械论色彩,以致形成“革命尚早论”。中国早期社会主义者以迫切解救民族危亡为己任,在坚信社会主义必然到来的同时积极投身革命实践,掌握辩证唯物史观,为中国共产党的成立打下科学理论基础。克服带有进化论色彩的机械唯物主义是国际共产主义运动中的一个重大课题,中国早期社会主义者在实践中突破了日本社会主义者对唯物史观的认识缺陷。通过对中国共产党成立前后中日唯物史观的比较,探讨中国早期社会主义者如何克服日本唯物史观的缺陷,可以揭示马克思主义在中国早期传播的复杂状况,对于阐明中国共产党革命理论形成的艰难过程及其对马克思主义发展的独特贡献具有重要意义。Originally imported from Japan,socialist theory has become quite prevalent in China before and after the founding of the Communist Party of China(CPC).However,the understanding of historical materialism among early Chinese socialists was a far cry from those popular in Japan.Since Japanese socialists'understandings of historical materialism were shaped by evolutionism and mechanism,they tended to conclude that the conditions for revolution were still not there.In contrast,early Chinese socialists were of the belief that socialist revolution was imminent and inevitable.To rescue China from its deepening national crises,they applied historical materialism into their revolutionary activities,laying the necessary theoretical foundation for the birth of the CPC.To disassociate historical materialism from evolutionism and mechanism had been an important issue in the history of international communist movement.As a case in point,the Chinese socialists conscientiously stayed away from the mistakes in the Japanese understanding of historical materialism.By comparing the different understandings of historical materialism between the Chinese and Japanese socialists before and after the CPC's founding,this article examines how the Chinese communists avoided the mistakes in the Japanese understanding of historical materialism.In this way,this article reveals the complex early history of Marxism in China and demonstrates the arduous efforts by the CPC to create its revolutionary theory and its unique contribution to the development of Marxism.

关 键 词：马克思主义 唯物史观 中国早期社会主义者 日本社会主义者 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]