从新的“外部”到新的“内部”--科学编史学研究的转向  

From the New“External”to the New“Internal”:A Turning of the Historiography of Science

作　　者：郭荣茂[1] GUO Rongmao(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Huaqiao University,Xiamen,Fujian,361021)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第9期25-32,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目·华侨大学哲学社会科学青年学者成长工程项目“现代科技创新的社会建构研究”(项目编号:20SKGC-QT03)。

摘　　要：在科学编史学的传统中历来存在内史论和外史论的争论和困境,为消解两者的对立划分,众多学者做了尝试,其中默顿从科学社会学的社会建制角度提出了新的“外部”概念,试图统一科学的内外部,但仍存在局限性,未能研究科学内部的知识生产。随后科学知识社会学一些代表性人物对默顿的科学编史学进行反思,从亚文化的视角提出新的“内部”,关注具体科学的微观社会领域,考察科学研究中的争论与协商过程,以此联结科学的内外部。这种转向对于开阔科学编史学的研究视野,以及完善科学史研究的理论和方法有重要意义。In the tradition of the historiography of science,there has always been a debate and dilemma between internalist and externalist perspectives.In order to resolve the opposition between the two,numerous scholars have made attempts.Among them,Merton proposed a new“external”concept from the perspective of the social construction of scientific sociology,attempting to unify the internal and external aspects of science.However,there are still limitations as it failed to study the internal knowledge production of science.Subsequently,some representatives of the sociology of scientific knowledge reflected on Merton’s historiography of science,proposing a new“internal”perspective from the viewpoint of subcultures.They focused on the specific microsocial domains of science,examining the processes of debate and negotiation in scientific research,thus coupling the internal and external aspects of science.This shift is of great significance for broadening the research scope of the historiography of science and improving the theory and methods of the study of scientific history.

关 键 词：科学编史学 默顿 亚文化 联结 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]