生物医学道德增强“自然性”问题的厘清与辩驳  

Clarification and Refutation on the Issue of Naturalness of Biomedical Moral Enhancement

作　　者：陆慧 LU Hui(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第9期40-47,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“自然辩证法中国化及当代创新研究”(项目编号:20&ZD043);。

摘　　要：道德增强派与反增强派之间的博弈一直在持续,反增强派以“不自然”作为反驳生物医学道德增强技术的应用时,多从“自然道德被作为人为之物、道德医学化对道德疾病的等同、人性尊严受损与人格同一性的断裂”等方面进行论证,虽有一定的合理性,但也存在局限。增强派以“纳入科学研究范围、顺应大众的常见技术、道德治疗的优手段”为理由所作的“自然”角度的论证,也有较大漏洞,易被二次反驳。症结在于,以“自然性”作为一条规范性论据去支持与反对道德增强技术是缺乏说服力的,由于“自然”概念本身的歧义性与复杂性,对自然与非自然的判定标准及适用界限未达成统一,易陷入将其作为好与坏的价值判断误区。The game between the moral enhancers and the anti-enhancers has been going on,when the anti-enhancers use unnaturalness as a rebuttal to the application and promotion of biomedical moral enhancement,they start from the fact that“natural morality being treated as an artificial‘thing',the equivalence of'moral medicalization'technology to'moral diseases',and the impairment of human dignity with the fracture of personality identity”.The argument from the perspective of nature made by the enhancer on the grounds of“being included in the scope of scientific research,conforming to common technologies of the public,and being an excellent means of moral treatment”is also flawed and easily refuted twice.The lack of conviction in using naturalness as a normative argument for and against moral enhancement techniques is mainly due to the ambiguity and complexity of the concept of naturalness itself.The criteria and distinction between nature and non-nature are not uniform,and it is easy to fall into the misunderstanding of taking it as a value judgment of"good"and“bad”.

关 键 词：道德增强 自然 道德医学化 人格尊严 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]