西南近代外廊式建筑的传入与本土化演变  

Introduction and Localization of Modern Buildings with Outdoor Corridors in Southwestern China

作　　者：侯实[1] Hou Shi(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Center for Land and Cultural Resources Research,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系国土与文化资源研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2023年第5期96-105,共10页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：西南近代建筑的发展进程有别于沿海开埠城市的“全盘西化”过程,呈现出典型的本土化特征,外廊式建筑的传入与演变正是这一进程的典型代表。本文在对西南近代外廊式建筑全面调查的基础上,厘清了外廊式建筑的传入、传播、演变的时间、空间和过程。通过比较分析,将外廊式建筑归纳为五种平面类型,探明了从梁柱式外廊和券柱式外廊中演变出新的中西合璧式外廊的过程,分析了背后的演变动因。中西合璧式外廊则是在传播过程中经本土工匠之手融合而成的新类型,按开间布局,外廊以梁柱承重,用跨度较大的弧形券作装饰,屋顶与梁柱式外廊相似。这种本土化演变体现出中国传统文化对外来建筑文化的涵化过程。Modern buildings in southwestern China started to transform around the end of the 19th century in Chongqing and some cities in Yunnan Province when foreign trade was allowed by the authorities.As these cities in southwestern China started for-eign trade relatively late,experienced wars frequently,and had weak economic foundation,they were not completely Westernized as other Chinese cities along the coast or rivers.Instead,they demonstrated a trend of combining foreign design with local culture,a typical representation of which is buildings with outdoor corridors.Modern catholic churches in southwestern China mainly have two types of outdoor corridor designs.One is the design used by catholic abbey but with local features.Most of these catholic abbeys have a courtyard surrounded by an outdoor corridor,like that of a Western abbey,or corridors are both built inside and outside of the church.The other is the design used by catholic church since the mid-19th century,which has a separate priest office,and outdoor corridors,which often have a beam-column structure.After foreign trade was allowed,the corridor design was changed to have columns with arches between them.Under the influence of such design,new residence buildings built for military officers,gentry and businessmen in Chongqing and Guizhou during the modern times often have outdoor corridors.According to their structure and floor plan,these residence buildings can also be categorized to the following types of corridors:beam-column outdoor corridor,column-arch corridor,corridor with both Chinese and Western elements,and courtyard-surrounding corridor.In terms of floor plan,buildings with outdoor corridor in southwestern China can be categorized into five groups:those having a column-arch corridor with the columns not corresponding to the span of the building;those having a column-arch corridor with the columns corresponding to the span of the building;those having three individual buildings as its three sides;those having four indi-vidual buildings as its four

关 键 词：西南近代建筑 外廊式建筑 本土化演变 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论]