技术关联、产业政策与中国城市突破性创新  

Technological relatedness,industrial policy and breakthrough innovation in Chinese cities

作　　者：徐洁 李琳[2] XU Jie;LI Lin(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Economics and Trade,Hunan University,Changsha 410079,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [2]湖南大学经济与贸易学院,长沙410079

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第10期2796-2816,共21页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(22FJLB007);湖南省社科基金项目(22YBA025)。

摘　　要：突破性技术创新是对后续技术演进、产业变革和经济发展产生重要影响的技术发明,是区域开辟发展新领域新赛道的根本动力。技术关联对区域创新发展具有重要影响,然而现有研究缺少对技术非关联以及非技术因素的考察。基于2000—2018年中国281个城市772万条发明专利数据,构建技术关联密度与技术非关联密度指标,结合地方政府政策规划文本,探究技术关联、技术非关联与选择性产业政策及其交互作用如何影响城市突破性技术发展。研究发现:①2000—2018年中国突破性技术主导领域从生活资料、化学化工等传统工业部门演进为计算、测量、电气元件和电通信技术等新兴产业;空间维度上区域突破性创新水平呈现“东高西低、南进北退”的演化特点。②技术关联和技术非关联对突破性技术发展具有技术周期的差异化影响。技术关联对突破性技术进入和增长均具有显著促进作用,技术非关联仅对新技术进入有积极影响。③区域产业政策效果受目标产业技术关联性的影响。选择性产业政策虽能短期内开辟新的区域技术演进道路,但难以促进非潜在优势产业持续创新增长。随着目标产业与区域技术基础关联性提高,产业政策对突破性技术进入和持续发展的积极作用增强,且上述机制对战略性新兴产业、市场化程度高的地区具有更显著作用。研究启示:地方政府应创造良好的制度环境,为激发技术关联的创新驱动效应提供有利条件,产业政策应支持具有较高技术关联密度的部门形成区域比较优势,促进“有效市场”和“有为政府”同向发力。Breakthrough innovations are technological inventions that have a significant impact on the subsequent technological evolution,industrial revolution and economic development,and they are the fundamental driving force to explore new domains and pathways for regional development.Evolutionary economic geography claims that technological relatedness plays an important role in regional innovation development,however,the existing research lacks the investigation of technological unrelatedness and non-technological factors.Based on the data of 7.72 million invention patents and local government policy planning texts,this paper constructs the indexes of relatedness density and unrelatedness density of 281 cities in China from 2000 to 2018,and explores the impact of technology relatedness and unrelatedness as well as industrial policy on regional breakthrough innovation.The research findings are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2018,the main fields of breakthrough technologies in China evolved from traditional industrial sectors such as living materials and chemical industry to emerging industries such as computing,measurement,electrical components and electrical communication technology.The spatial dimension presents the evolution characteristics of“high in the east and low in the west,advancing in the south and retreating in the north”.(2)Technological relatedness and unrelatedness have differentiated impacts on the breakthrough technologies development.Technological relatedness plays a significant role in both breakthrough technologies entry and growth,while technological unrelatedness only has a positive effect on the entry of new technologies.(3)The effect of regional industrial policy is influenced by the technological relatedness of target industries.Although the industrial policy can create a new technological evolution path in the short term,it is difficult to promote the sustainable innovation growth of non-potential advantageous industries.As the relatedness of target industries to the regional technological base

关 键 词：技术关联 技术非关联 产业政策 突破性创新 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]