中国城市居民生活状况感受的空间分异格局与影响因素  

The spatial differentiation pattern and influencing factors of Chinese urban residents'perceptions of living conditions

作　　者：张圆刚 张宏梅 赵晓彤 ZHANG Yuangang;ZHANG Hongmei;ZHAO Xiaotong(College of Tourism,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学旅游学院,上海200234 [2]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《地理学报》2023年第10期2574-2590,共17页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971254);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJCZH248)。

摘　　要：治国有常,利民为本,让人民幸福是“国之大者”,但目前中国也面临国民幸福感随经济发展而下降的挑战。本文采用趋势面分析法、冷热点分析法等建构中国省级(自治区、直辖市)城市居民生活状况感受空间格局,采用多层回归模型探索个体和城市层面影响因素。研究发现:①中国城市居民生活改善情况、生活状况评价、未来生活信心以及生活状况感受分异呈西高东低、南高北低;②中国城市居民生活改善状况呈“连块集聚”特征,生活状况评价呈“块状集聚与零散分布并存”特征,与未来生活信心和总体生活状况感受共同呈西南高、东北低集聚特征;③生活改善情况、城市居民生活状况评价、未来生活信心以及生活状况感受均值最高和最低点分别位于西、东部;④个体层面影响因素反映在性别、年龄、受教育程度、就业、户口、城市公共服务满意度等方面,其中,后者反映在政府部门服务、社会保障、公正执法、食品安全、住房、教育、医疗、交通、环境等;⑤城市规模对居民生活状况感受影响显著,与大城市相比,中小型城市居民生活状况感受更高,而超大城市更低。此外,超大城市公共服务满意度对城市居民生活状况感受的正向影响被削弱,具体而言,主要弱化了医疗状况评价和交通状况评价对生活状况感受效应的正相关强度。研究为国民幸福的研究与治理提供了理论参考。Governing the country is a matter of routine and people-oriented strategy,and improving the people's well-being is"the greatest thing in the country".At present,China is facing the challenge that the national well-being declines with the economic development.This study is based on the national large-scale regional space and adopts the survey data collected in 2020 by the"China People's Livelihood Survey"research group of the Development Research Center of the State Council.The data cover 31 provincial-level regions(hereafter provinces)across the country,including 164 cities at prefecture-level and above,and the number of valid samples is 26370.The research adopts the methods such as the trend surface analysis and spatial analysis of hotspots and coldspots to construct the spatial differentiation and agglomeration pattern of urban residents'perceptions of living conditions in the 31 provinces;the multi-level regression model is used to explore the multi-dimensional influencing factors of perceptions of living conditions at the individual and city levels.The findings are as follows:(1)The differentiation of the living improvement,living condition evaluation,future life confidence and perceptions of living conditions of urban residents in China shows a pattern of high in the west and low in the east,and high in the south and low in the north.(2)The living conditions of urban residents show the characteristics of"continuous agglomeration",and the evaluation of living conditions shows the characteristics of"coexistence of massive agglomeration and scattered distribution",and shows the characteristics of high in the south and west and low in the north and east together with the future life confidence and overall perceptions of living conditions.(3)On average,the highest and lowest values of life improvement,urban residents'living condition evaluation,future life confidence and perceptions of living conditions are also located in the west and east respectively.(4)The influencing factors at the individual level are refle

关 键 词：城市居民 生活状况感受 空间分异 影响因素 中国 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理] D630[社会学]