城市化背景下村社自主性的形成——历史制度主义视角下的比较案例研究  

The Formation of Village Autonomy amid Urbanization in China——A Comparative Cases Study from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

作　　者：刘颜俊 孙华 周礼为 Liu Yanjun;Sun Hua;Zhou Liwei(School of Government,Peking University.Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2023年第7期49-57,共9页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“城市空间分异与党建引领社区治理创新研究”(编号:21ZGC005)。

摘　　要：基于历史制度主义的“关键节点框架”,本文通过对陕西关中平原两个相邻的受政府征地影响的村组的比较历史分析,探讨了城市化背景下差异化村社自主性的形成逻辑。研究发现,政府征地的关键节点,放宽了村社面临的结构性约束,激活了“因地制宜”的灵活性原则,从而增强了精英决策对村社自主性形成的影响。凝聚力较强的精英能为村社做出更优的决策,把握住集体资产的自主决策权,形成自我强化的村社自主性。进一步回溯,精英凝聚力源于历史上资源分配时采用更强调共识的绝对多数决,而简单多数决则可能埋下精英纷争的隐患,阻碍未来的集体决策能力和村社自主性的发展。Employing the“critical juncture framework”of historical institutionalism,this paper conducts a comparative historical analysis of two adjacent village groups in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,both impacted by exogenous impacts of government land expropriation,and examines the logic behind the formation of village autonomy in the context of urbanization.The study finds that the critical juncture of land expropriation relaxes the structural constraints faced by villages,activates the flexibility principle of“adapting to local conditions,”and significantly amplifies the causal influence of village elite decision-making on village autonomy.Cohesive elites can make informed decisions for their village and gain control over collective assets,thereby fostering and reinforcing village autonomy.Historically,strong elite cohesion can be traced back to the incidental application of super-majority rule in resource allocation,which encourages consensus-seeking.In contrast,simple majority rule,though seemingly democratic,may plant the seeds of elite discord,hindering future collective decisionmaking capacity and the development of village autonomy.

关 键 词：村社自主性 城市化 征地拆迁 国家与社会关系 历史制度主义 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]