野生香菇菌株鉴定及其与栽培菌株的生物学特性比较  

Identification of Two Wild Lentinula edodes Strains and Their Biological Characteristics Comparing with the Cultivated Strains

作　　者：李宏月 欧小云 刘斌[1] LI Hongyue;OU Xiaoyun;LIU Bin(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University/Institute of Edible Fungi,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Department of Biotechnology,Guangdong Maoming Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院/广西大学食用菌研究所,广西南宁530004 [2]广东茂名农林科技职业学院生物技术系,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第9期59-67,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB18221047);广西农业科技创新联盟科技先锋队专项(桂农科盟202308-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】对野生香菇进行鉴定,并比较其与栽培菌株的生物学特性,为野生香菇种质资源的应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用形态特征和分子序列分析方法对野生食用菌进行鉴定,并分析温度、碳源、氮源等因素对菌丝生长的影响,并比较其与6株栽培香菇的生物学特性。【结果】2株野生食用菌(林香18和林香19)鉴定为香菇,所有供试菌株均能在15~30℃条件下生长,其中,林香18在15~30℃范围内菌丝生长速度为2.5~4.7 mm/d,菌丝生长力极强;林香19在15~20℃时菌丝生长缓慢,生长速度为0.5~1.6 mm/d,在25~30℃时生长速度显著加快,为2.58~3.08 mm/d,说明林香19不耐低温。2株野生菌株在30℃时菌丝生长速度最快,分别为4.7、3.08 mm/d,且明显高于栽培菌株,属于耐高温菌株;其余6株栽培菌株在25℃时生长速度最快,为3.18~4.91 mm/d,均属于中温菌株。供试菌株L12、L26、林香19、申香34、申香60和浦香08以可溶性淀粉为最适碳源,林香18和L808的最适碳源为蔗糖,以乳糖为碳源时菌丝生长最差;供试菌株以尿素为氮源时均不能生长,以牛肉膏为氮源时菌丝生长最好,以硝酸钾为氮源时菌丝生长最差;林香18、林香19、申香60和L26最佳C/N为10/1,申香34、L12最佳C/N为30/1,浦香08和L808最佳C/N分别为40/1和50/1,由此可知,申香34、林香18和林香19菌丝生长不受C/N的影响,其余菌株均受C/N的影响。【结论】野生香菇菌株林香18和林香19均为耐高温菌株,但林香19对低温较敏感。林香18和林香19的最适碳源分别为蔗糖和可溶性淀粉,最适氮源分别为牛肉膏和蛋白胨,最适C/N均为10/1。研究明确了野生香菇林香18和林香19菌丝生长的营养需求和条件,研究结果可为耐高温香菇新品种的选育提供新材料。【Objective】To identify wild shiitake and compare their biological characteristics with cultivated strains,which provides a theoretical basis for the application of wild germplasm resources.【Method】Wild edible fungi were identified by the morphological characteristics and sequences analysis,their biological characteristics were investigated and compared with the other six cultivated strains.【Result】Two wild strains of edible fungi were identified as Lentinula edodes.All test strains can grow at 15-30℃.The mycelium growth rate of LX18 was 2.5-4.7 mm/d at 15-30℃,the mycelium growth rate of LX 19 was 0.5~1.6 mm/d at 15-20℃and 2.58~3.08 mm/d at 25~30℃,which indicated that the mycelium growth of LX 18 was very strong,and LX 18 was intolerant in low temperatures.Two wild strains(LX18 and LX 19)showed the highest mycelial growth rates at 30℃,which were 4.7 and 3.08 mm/d,respectively.But the six cultivated strains showed the highest mycelial growth rate at 25℃,from 3.18 to 4.91 mm/d.Therefore,it was concluded that the wild strains were high-temperature tolerant,while those cultivated strains were moderate temperature varieties.The optimal C/N of LX18,LX19,SX60 and L26 was 10/1,the optimal C/N of SX34 and L12 was 30/1,and the optimal C/N of PX08 and L808 was 40/1 and 50/1,respectively.The mycelium growth of SX34,LX18 and LX19 were not affected by C/N,and that of the other strains was influenced by C/N.【Conclusion】LX18 and LX19 are heat-resistant strains,but LX19 is more sensitive to low temperatures.The optimal carbon sources for LX18 and LX19 are sucrose and soluble starch,respectively.Their optimal nitrogen sources are beef extract and peptone,and the optimal C/N is 10/1.In the study,the nutritional requirements and conditions for the growth of wild strains LX18 and LX19 of L.edodes are clarified,and the results provide new materials for breeding new heat-tolerant varieties of L.edodes.

关 键 词：野生香菇 形态学和分子生物学 生物学特性 温度 氮源 碳源 C/N 

分 类 号：S646.12[农业科学—蔬菜学]