从“作为生产者的作者”到文学的生产性——伊格尔顿马克思主义文艺观刍议  

"Author as Producer"and Literary Productiveness——A Probe into Eagleton's Marxist View of Literature and Art

作　　者：孙胜忠[1] SUN Shengzhong(School of English Studies,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 200083,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学英语学院,上海200083

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期32-40,共9页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

摘　　要：在解构或重构一切的背景下,伊格尔顿可能是最接近马克思主义基本立场的西方马克思主义文艺批评家之一。他对唯物主义批评范畴的界定,对各范畴之间、文本的形式与内容、文学与历史、文学与意识形态和历史与意识形态之间关系的论述无不基于马克思主义的基本原理。从“作为生产者的作者”到文学乃至文学批评的“生产性”,他颇有说服力地阐释了文本的生成动因及其意识形态功能,既反对把文本视为意识形态直接反映的庸俗马克思主义文艺观,也反对把作者视为“创造者”的灵感说。这对我们重审文学与世界、文学批评中艺术与语境两个向度之间的关系具有启示意义,有利于我们反思文艺场域理论脱离实际和对文学文本简单历史化两种极端倾向。In the context of deconstructing or reconstructing everything,Terry Eagleton is probably one of the Western Marxist literary critics closest to the basic position of Marxism.His definition of the categories for a materialist criticism,and his discussion of the relationship among the different categories,between literary form and content,literature and history,literature and ideology,and history and ideology,all these are based on the basic principles of Marxism.From"author as producer"to the"productiveness"of literature and even that of literary criticism,he convincingly explains the reasons for textual creation and the function of the texts,opposing both the vulgar Marxist view of literature and art that regards the text as a direct reflection of ideology and the theory of inspiration that views the author as a"creator."It is instructive for us to reexamine the relationship between literature and the world,and that between art and context in literary criticism,and helpful for us to reflect on the two extreme phenomena that some theories are divorced from reality and that some others historicize literary texts in a simple way.

关 键 词：伊格尔顿 马克思主义文艺观 文学的生产性 形式与内容 历史与意识形态 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]