河套灌区麦后复种油菜绿肥适宜播期研究  

Study on Suitable Sowing Date of Green Manure for Multiple Cropping Rape after Wheat in Hetao Irrigation Area

作　　者：刘陈 王伟妮 廖世鹏[1] 任涛[1] 郭晨 刘俊梅 孙霞 鲁剑巍[1] LIU Chen;WANG Weini;LIAO Shipeng;REN Tao;GUO Chen;LIU Junmei;SUN Xia;LU Jianwei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China;Ordos Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center,Ordos 017010,China;Plant Protection Institute,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯017010 [3]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第5期120-127,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001);财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-12)”项目。

摘　　要：为明确河套灌区麦后复种油菜绿肥适宜播种时期,分别于2019年在内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市杭锦后旗和2022年在鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗开展田间试验。杭锦后旗试验点从2019年7月26日-8月15日共设置5个播期,每隔5 d设置1个播期处理,分别于7月26日、7月31日、8月5日、8月10日和8月15日播种;同样达拉特旗试验点从2022年7月22日-8月11日共设置5个播期,每隔5 d设置1个播期处理,以此研究不同播期对油菜绿肥生物量、养分含量及养分积累量的影响。结果表明,两试验点虽然生物量水平和气候条件有所差异,但整体趋势均表现为随着播期的推迟而下降;与第Ⅰ期播种相比,第Ⅴ期播种油菜生物量分别下降90.3%和75.4%,两点生育期内油菜平均活动积温、有效积温和日照时数分别下降469.9℃、409.9℃和179.1 h。同时于第Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ期播种时,与施肥投入养分量(N 27.3 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)34.5 kg/hm^(2))相比,油菜翻压还田养分量均高于投入量,且碳和钾还田量至少达到1800,200 kg/hm^(2)。因此,综合考虑油菜绿肥生物量以及还田养分量,河套灌区小麦收获后油菜可以适时早播,充分利用光温资源,促进油菜生长和养分积累。为达到5 t/hm^(2)以上油菜还田量及获得更高的养分还田量,油菜生育期内应至少接受活动积温1300℃、有效积温1100℃以及有效日照时数640 h。In order to determine the suitable sowing date of green manure for multiple cropping rape in Hetao irrigation area,field experiments were carried out in Hangjinhou Banner,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019 and Dalad Banner,Ordos City in 2022.There were five sowing dates in Hangjinhou Banner experimental site from July 26th to August 15th,2019,and one sowing date was set every five days,which were sown on July 26th,July 31st,August 5th,August 10th and August 15th,respectively.Similarly,from July 22nd to August 11th,2022,the experimental site in Dalad Banner was set up with five sowing dates,and one sowing date was set every five days to study the effects of different sowing dates on the green manure biomass,nutrient content and nutrient accumulation of rape.The results showed that although the biomass level and climate conditions of the two experimental sites were different,the overall trend showed a decline with the delay of sowing date.Compared with the first sowing stage,the rape biomass in the fifth sowing stage decreased by 90.3%and 75.4%respectively,and the average active accumulated temperature,effective accumulated temperature and sunshine hours in the two-point growth period decreased by 469.9℃,409.9℃and 179.1 h,respectively.At the same time,when sowing in the first,second and third stages,compared with the nutrient input(N 27.3 kg/ha,P_(2)O_(5)34.5 kg/ha),the nutrient input of rape was higher than the input,and the amount of carbon and potassium returned to the field was at least C 1800 kg/ha and K 2O 200 kg/ha.Therefore,considering the biomass of rape green manure and the amount of nutrients returned to the field,rape could be sown early after wheat harvest in Hetao irrigation area,making full use of light and temperature resources to promote rape growth and nutrient accumulation.In order to achieve more than 5 t/ha of rape returning to the field and obtain a higher amount of nutrients returning to the field,at least 1300℃of active accumulated temperature,1100℃of effective ac

关 键 词：麦后复种 油菜绿肥 播种时期 生物量 养分积累量 

分 类 号：S636.01[农业科学—蔬菜学]