不同品种(系)彩色小麦干物质积累转运和产量形成分析  

Analysis of Dry Matter Accumulation and Remobilization,and Yield Formation in Different Varieties(Lines)of Colored-grain Wheat

作　　者：朱紫鑫 张玉璐 贾靖 李文璐 赵露迪 孟繁港 盖红梅[2] 徐学欣 赵长星 ZHU Zixin;ZHANG Yulu;JIA Jing;LI Wenlu;ZHAO Ludi;MENG Fangang;GE Hongmei;XU Xuexin;ZHAO Changxing(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology,College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Qingdao Agricultural Scientific Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第5期128-138,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXPT009);山东省新旧动能转换重大产业攻关项目(2021-54);青岛市现代农业产业技术体系小麦创新推广团队项目(6622316104)。

摘　　要：为明确不同品种(系)彩色小麦主要农艺性状的特征及其与籽粒产量的相关关系,筛选出适宜鲁东地区栽培的彩色小麦品种。于2020-2022年2个冬小麦生长季,选用4个紫色小麦品种(系)青研紫麦1号(QYZ-1)、QYZ-2、山农紫麦1号(SNZM1)和农大3753(ND3753),2个蓝色小麦品系20064和20072以及普通白粒小麦品种济麦22(JM22,对照品种)为试验材料,系统研究了不同品种(系)彩色小麦的旗叶SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质积累与转运、产量及其构成因素等方面的差异,和各农艺性状的稳定性以及产量可持续性。结果表明,各彩色小麦品种产量、千粒质量、开花期叶面积指数、花后SPAD值、开花期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量及收获指数均低于普通白粒小麦品种济麦22。各彩色小麦品种(系)间比较,紫色小麦QYZ-1产量显著高于其他彩色小麦品种(系),单位面积粒数与QYZ-2无显著差异,但其千粒质量显著高于QYZ-2;紫色小麦QYZ-1开花期上三叶叶面积指数显著高于蓝色小麦品系及ND3753,紫色小麦QYZ-1花后旗叶SPAD、成熟期干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量和收获指数均高于其余彩色小麦品种(系);与其他品种(系)比较,JM22和QYZ-1各农艺性状的变异系数(CV)均较小,彩色小麦间比较,QYZ-1的产量均值和产量可持续性指数(SYI)均较高。另外,相关分析表明,产量分别与开花期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量、收获指数、旗叶花后28 d SPAD值、开花期全绿叶叶面积指数和千粒质量呈极显著的正相关关系。综合2 a的结果,表明QYZ-1具有适宜的叶面积指数,并维持了较高的花后旗叶SPAD值,花后旗叶的衰老较慢,开花-成熟时间较长,协同提高了花后干物质积累量和花前干物质转运量、成熟期干物质积累量和收获指数以及单位面积粒数�In order to clarify the main agronomic traits and their relationships with grain yield of different colored-grain wheat varieties(lines),and select colored-grain wheat varieties suitable for cultivation in Eastern Shandong.The experiment was carried out during 2020-2022 winter wheat growing seasons.Four purple-grain wheat varieties(lines)Qingyan No.1 purple wheat(QYZ-1),QYZ-2,Shannong No.1 purple wheat(SNZM1),and Nongda 3753(ND3753),two blue-grain wheat lines 20064 and 20072,and one common white grain wheat variety Jimai 22(JM22,control variety)were selected as test materials,to systematically study the differences in flag leaf SPAD,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and remobilization,grain yield and its component factors,stability of agronomic traits and yield sustainability of different colored-grain wheat varieties(lines).The results showed that grain yield,thousand grains weight,leaf area index at anthesis,SPAD value after anthesis,dry matter accumulation at anthesis,dry matter accumulation at maturity,dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis and harvest index of each colored-grain wheat varieties(lines)were lower than those of common white grain wheat(Jimai 22).Compared among the various colored-grain wheat varieties(lines),the purple-grain wheat QYZ-1 grain yield was significantly higher than that of other colored-grain wheat varieties(lines),and the grains per unit area number was not significantly different from that of QYZ-2,but its thousand grains weight was significantly higher than that of QYZ-2.The upper three leaves area index of the purple-grain wheat QYZ-1 was significantly higher than that of the blue wheat lines and ND3753 at the anthesis stage.The flag leaf SPAD,the dry matter accumulation at maturity and post-anthesis,the dry matter remobilization before anthesis,and the harvest index were higher than those of other colored-grain wheat varieties(lines);compared with other varieties(lines),the coefficient of variation(CV)of agronomic traits of JM22 and QYZ-1 were lower.Compared with color

关 键 词：彩色小麦 干物质积累 单位面积粒数 千粒质量 产量 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S512.01[农业科学—农业基础科学]