源于干细胞的囊胚样结构:研究现状与展望  

Blastoids derived from pluripotent cells:Current research status and future prospect

作　　者：罗宇欣 戚亚男 于洋[1,2,3] Yuxin Luo;Yanan Qi;Yang Yu(Center for Reproductive Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;Clinical Stem Cell Research Center,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Tianjin 300051,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院生殖医学中心,北京100191 [2]北京大学临床干细胞研究中心,北京100191 [3]细胞生态海河实验室,天津300051

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第28期3735-3745,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(82225019);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2700303);国家自然科学基金(82192873);细胞生态海河实验室创新基金(HH22KYZX0004)资助。

摘　　要：由于样本和伦理的限制,人类早期胚胎发育中仍有许多未完全阐明的问题.而类囊胚的出现使得构建体外模拟胚胎发育,尤其是植入前、植入和早期植入后过程的类器官系统成为可能.但初始方案的类囊胚构建效率较低,且对受精囊胚的模拟还存在较大差异,因此研究人员探索利用不同类型细胞以及不同诱导体系,提高类囊胚的构建效率,并获得了在形态学和转录组水平上更类似于受精囊胚的模型.除了转录组分析,蛋白组和翻译后修饰的组学也被用于探索类囊胚形成的分子机制和与受精囊胚的相似性.同时,类囊胚已经被作为研究模型探索不同基因组特征对胚胎发育的影响以及潜在作用机制.因此,我们总结了近期小鼠和人类的类囊胚模型的研究进展及新型全能样细胞参与构建类囊胚的未来前景.Due to sample and ethical limitations,many mysteries still exist in the study of early human embryonic development,among which the first lineage specification,the interplay between inner cell mass and trophectoderm and the interaction of uterine endometrium and blastocysts remain to be fully elucidated.The emergence of blastoids makes it possible to obtain models that mimic embryonic development in vitro,especially regarding the preimplantation,implantation and early postimplantation processes.Blastoids are organoid models of blastocysts derived from stem cells that resemble natural blastocysts at the morphological and transcriptomic levels;that is,blastoids comprise an outer layer of trophectoderm-like cells enclosing a cavity and a population of epiblast-like cells and primitive endoderm-like cells.Moreover,blastoids can enable the recapitulation of key events in preimplantation development,such as compaction,polarization,cavitation and cell lineage specification.Moreover,blastoids also partially exhibit postimplantation potential in vivo and in vitro.However,the efficiency of the blastoid induction system has been relatively low,and there are some defects in blastoid modelling blastocysts,which has inspired researchers to improve these systems.To date,various mouse and human blastoids using different cell types and induction systems have been developed.The blastoid induction efficiency has significantly increased,and these blastoids are more similar to natural blastocysts at the morphological and transcriptomic levels.In addition to transcriptomic analysis,proteomic and posttranslational modification analyses have also been used to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying blastoid formation and their similarities and differences to natural blastocysts.Moreover,human parthenogenic embryonic stem cells have been employed to generate parthenogenic blastoids and detect the impacts of parental genomes and genome imprinting on human embryonic development.In addition to pluripotent stem cells,totipotent-like cells

关 键 词：胚胎发育 囊胚 类囊胚 植入 多能干细胞 全能样细胞 

分 类 号：R321[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]