石羊河流域晚冰期以来环境变化与人类活动  

Paleo-environmental changes and human activities in Shiyang River Basin since the Late Glacial

作　　者：李育[1] 张占森 周雪如 高铭君 李海烨 薛雅欣 段俊杰 Yu Li;Zhansen Zhang;Xueru Zhou;Mingjun Gao;Haiye Li;Yaxin Xue;Junjie Duan(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第28期3869-3884,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0202);国家自然科学基金(42077415,42371159);科技部西部环境变化学科创新引智基地2.0项目(BP0618001)资助。

摘　　要：石羊河流域是中国西北地区环境变化与丝路文明演化的典型区域.基于大批学者的研究,目前对石羊河地区的气候、环境、文化形成了基础认识,但沉积地层指示的古湖泊演化过程,以及古文化更替与气候变化之间的联系仍存在争议.本研究与前人采用单一采样点的研究方法不同,在石羊河流域沿中游红水河地区和下游猪野泽地区共连续采集13个剖面,建立了包含705个沉积样品,129个AMS 14C年代数据,5460个古环境代用指标数据和12个历史文化遗址的数据库.结合TraCE-21 ka(The Transient Climate Evolution Experiment)和PMIP3(Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project 3)模拟,探讨晚冰期以来石羊河流域环境变化和古文化演变.研究发现,石羊河流域晚冰期以来环境持续变化;晚冰期到早全新世期间,古湖泊武始泽和猪野泽开始发育;中全新世时期,石羊河流域气候湿润,湖泊面积大、水位高;晚全新世干旱化使得湖泊退缩,河流下切;在干旱趋势下,马家窑、齐家文化逐渐消失,沙井文化(一种独特的青铜文化)兴起,匈奴帝国扩张并修建休屠城;由于石羊河流域独特的环境演化模式和文化格局,干旱环境可能是导致该地区游牧文化繁荣的原因.这一发现表明,干旱环境对人类社会发展的影响并非都是负面的,人类可以通过生产方式变革应对环境变化,进而推动社会发展.The links between ancient civilizations and climate(wet or arid)are variable and difficult to prove,particularly in areas that are sensitive to climate change and home to abundant human activities.The complex climatic conditions and rich history of the Shiyang River Basin make it an ideal area for studying the relationship between past environmental changes and human civilization.It is a typical area of environmental changes and the evolution of the Silk Road civilization in Northwest China.Although numerous studies have provided a basic understanding of the climate,environment,and culture of the Shiyang River Basin,the evolution of the ancient lake and associated connections between sedimentary stratigraphy,ancient cultural developments,and climate change remain disputed.In this study,contrasting with previous research using a single sampling site,five consecutive sedimentary profiles were collected along the middle reach of the Hongshui River,and eight consecutive sedimentary profiles were collected along the retreating direction of the Zhuye Lake in the Shiyang River Basin.Additionally,we established a database consisting of 705 sedimentary samples,129 data points obtained via accelerator mass spectrometry AMS 14C dating,5460 paleoenvironmental proxy data points,and 12 historical and cultural sites.Combined with PMIP3(Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project 3)and TraCE-21 ka(The Transient Climate Evolution Experiment)simulation,we explored the link between paleoenvironmental and cultural changes in the Shiyang River Basin since the Late Glacial.Since the Late Glacial,the Shiyang River Basin saw typical lacustrine deposits at different locations,indicating that the area was home to numerous water bodies for a long time and characterised as a lake or shallow water environment.The humidity in Northwest China increased from the Late Glacial to the Middle Holocene,such that ancient lakes and shallow water bodies began to develop in the Shiyang River Basin during the Late Glacial.The hydrostatic environment fo

关 键 词：环境变化 全新世 石羊河流域 湖泊演化 古文化变迁 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]