饲料中高直链淀粉对大口黑鲈肠道物理屏障和菌群的影响  

Effects of dietary high amylose on intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides

作　　者：刘欣平 董文静 黄汉 廖瑞生 陈拥军[1] 谭北平[2] 林仕梅[1] LIU Xinping;DONG Wenjing;HUANG Han;LIAO Ruisheng;CHEN Yongjun;TAN Beiping;LIN Shimei(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development,Ministry of Education,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,西南大学淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400716 [2]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第10期1-10,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：蓝色粮仓科技创新专项(2019YFD0900200);重庆市生态渔产业技术体系(2022);重庆市水产科技创新联盟项目(2022)。

摘　　要：为了评价淀粉结构对大口黑鲈肠道健康的影响,实验用10%的普通玉米淀粉(直/支链比例为3:7,CS)和高直链玉米淀粉(直/支链比例为7∶3,HACS)分别配制成CS和HACS两组等氮等脂的实验饲料,在室内循环系统中饲养初始体重为(8.53±0.06) g的大口黑鲈8周。结果显示,HACS组大口黑鲈特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于CS组。与CS组相比,HACS组肠道过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活性显著升高,且抗氧化基因nrf2、cat的表达量显著上调。同时,HACS组促炎细胞因子(tnf-α、il-8)的相对表达量显著下调,而抗炎细胞因子(tgf-β)的相对表达量显著上调。此外,HACS组在门水平中显著提高放线菌门的丰度,在属水平中显著提高有益菌乳酸菌属的丰度,降低部分潜在有害菌(不动杆菌属、考克氏菌属)的丰度。进一步表型预测发现,相较于普通玉米淀粉,饲喂高直链玉米淀粉能显著降低革兰氏阴性菌比例,增加革兰氏阳性菌比例,显著降低潜在致病菌丰度。研究表明,高直链淀粉能提高大口黑鲈抗氧化能力和免疫水平,改善肠道形态结构和肠道菌群。因此,高直链淀粉能改善大口黑鲈的肠道健康状况。Carnivorous fish have a very limited ability to use carbohydrates,and excessive carbohydrate will lead to the disorder of sugar metabolism and the decline of immune function,thus inhibiting the growth of fish.Starch as a cheap energy and adhesive in feed,appropriate addition can save protein and reduce feed cost.In order to evaluate the effects of starch structure on intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides,two isonitrogenous and lipid experimental diets were fed with 10%common corn starch(CS)and high amylose corn starch(HACS),respectively.M.salmoides with an initial weight of(8.53±0.06)g were fed for 8 weeks in an indoor system.The results showed that specific growth rate(SGR)and protein efficiency rate(PER)of M.salmoides in HACS group were significantly higher than those in CS group.Meanwhile,the intestinal catalase(CAT)and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activities in HACS group were significantly higher than those in CS group,and the expressions of antioxidant related genes nrf2 and cat were significantly up-regulated.Moreover,compared with CS group,the relative expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α and IL-8)in HACS group were significantly downregulated,while the relative expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines(TGF-β)were significantly up-regulated.At the same time,it was observed that the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Lactobacillus in HACS group was significantly increased at phylum level and genus level.It reduced the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria(Acinetobacter,Kocuria).Further phenotypic prediction showed that compared with common corn starch,feeding high amylose corn starch could significantly reduce the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria,increase the proportion of gram-positive bacteria,and significantly reduce the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria.In conclusion,high amylose maize starch can effectively improve intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and immune level,and improve intestinal microflora structure and function of largemouth bass.Ther

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 高直链淀粉 肠道形态 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]