根区深层水氮耦合对玉米生长和生理的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling in Deep Root Zone on Growth and Physiology in Maize

作　　者：张腾 邢英英[1] 密菲瑶 李卓远 黎吉璐 王秀康[1] ZHANG Teng;XING Yingying;MI Feiyao;LI Zhuoyuan;LI Jilu;WANG Xiukang(School of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an Shaanxi 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第11期1707-1717,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51809224);延安大学研究生教育创新计划项目(YCX2021074);延安大学大学生创新计划项目(D2021095)。

摘　　要：旨在探究水氮耦合和灌水施肥深度对玉米生长的作用机理,为合理的水肥管理提供理论依据。以陕北地区普遍种植的玉米品种‘天赐19’为供试材料,设置灌水量(W3:2650 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W2:2180 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W1:1715 m^(3)·hm^(-2))、施氮量(N3:960 kg·hm^(-2);N2:600 kg·hm^(-2);N1:240 kg·hm^(-2);N0:不施氮)和灌水施肥深度(H3:0 cm;H2:5 cm;H1:10 cm;H0:15 cm)3因素,根据复因素不完全实施方案设计10个处理。结果表明,水氮耦合及灌水深度对玉米的生长和生理指标有显著影响,在N1H1水平下,随着灌水量的增加,盆栽玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积、干物质量和净光合速率呈现增加的趋势。在W1水平下,随着施氮量的增加,盆栽玉米的株高、叶片数、叶面积、干物质量呈现降低的趋势;茎粗和叶绿素含量呈现先增高后降低的趋势;隶属函数法得出W3N1H1处理隶属值最高。因此,推荐灌水量为2650 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、施氮量为240 kg·hm^(-2)、灌水施肥深度10 cm为该地区玉米种植的最佳灌水施肥模式。This study is to explore the mechanism of water and nitrogen coupling and irrigation and fertilization depth in maize growth,so as to provide theoretical basis for rational water and fertilizer management.The experiment was involved in ten treatments,including three irrigation levels(W3:2650 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W2:2180 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W1:1715 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),four nitrogen application rates(N3:960 kg·hm^(-2);N2:600 kg·hm^(-2);N1:240 kg·hm^(-2);N0:no nitrogen application)and four irrigation and fertilization depths(H3:0 cm;H2:5 cm;H1:10 cm;H0:15 cm).The results showed that water-nitrogen coupling and irrigation depth had significant effects on the growth and physiological indexes of maize.At the N1H1 level,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,dry matter and net photosynthetic rate of potted maize increased with the increase of irrigation level.At the W1 level,with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the plant height,leaf number,leaf area and dry matter of barrel planted maize had a decreasing trend.The stem diameter and chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased.The membership function method showed that the W3N1H1 treatment had the highest membership value of the highest by membership function method.Consequently,irrigation levels at 2650 m^(3)·hm^(-2),nitrogen application rate at 240 kg·hm^(-2)and irrigation and fertilization at depth of 10 cm are the best recommended irrigation and fertilization mode for maize planting in this area.

关 键 词：水氮耦合 地下灌溉 玉米 干物质量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]