不同砧穗组合对富士苹果苗木生长发育的影响  

Effects of Different Rootstock-scion Combinations on Growth and Development of Fuji Apple Seedlings

作　　者：曹珊[1] 王淼 刘丽媛 景奇 李高潮[2] 陈善美 查养良 赵小弟 CAO Shan;WANG Miao;LIU Liyuan;JING Qi;LI Gaochao;CHEN Shanmei;CHA Yangliang;ZHAO Xiaodi(School of Food Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;School of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Yintai District Horticultural Experiment Station,Yintai District,Tongchuan Shaanxi 727000,China;Xianyang Horticultural Experiment Station,Xianyang Shaanxi 712000,China;Chunhua Horticultural Experiment Station,Chunhua Shaanxi 711200,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]铜川市印台区园艺工作站,陕西铜川727000 [4]陕西省咸阳市园艺站,陕西咸阳712000 [5]陕西省淳化县园艺站,陕西淳化711200

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第11期1806-1812,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2019TSLNY02-04);西北农林科技大学吉尔吉斯斯坦农业科技示范园项目(HWJD202203);西北农林科技大学科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2019-15)。

摘　　要：以富士苹果品种‘长富2号’和‘礼富1号’为试材,以12种自根砧和中间砧为试验砧木,采用方差分析法,对各砧穗组合苹果苗木生长发育状况进行评价分析,并参考苹果苗木国家标准进行苗木等级划分。结果表明:当砧木为自根砧时,所有砧穗组合在苗木高度和苗木粗度方面一级苗率均高于70%,MM111、Emla、M26和MM101的砧穗组合苗木高度明显低于其他砧穗组合,具有更好的致矮性,八棱海棠、M7、MM101、M26、Emla的砧穗组合苗木粗度明显大于其他砧穗组合;当砧木为中间砧时,所有砧穗组合在苗木高度方面一级苗率均为100%,但在苗木粗度方面,仅有Pajam2、Nakb和八棱海棠砧穗组合的一级苗率高于70%,其中Nakb和八棱海棠的苗木粗度显著大于其他砧穗组合;同一砧木,同一类型的‘长富2号’苹果苗木在苗木高度和粗度方面优于‘礼富1号’苹果苗木,在砧穗粗度比中,自根砧M9-T337和MM106的‘长富2号’苹果苗木优于‘礼富1号’苹果苗木,而中间砧则表现相反。八棱海棠作为砧木,无论是自根砧还是中间砧,品种是‘长富2号’还是‘礼富1号’,砧穗粗度比均无显著差异。To investigate the effect of different rootstock-scion combinations on the growth,early flowering,and early fruiting of Fuji apple seedlings.Two Fuji apple varieties‘Nagano Fuji No.2’and‘Liquan Fuji No.1’were used as test materials,and 12 types of self-root stocks and interstocks as test stocks.The growth and development of apple seedlings for each rootstock-scion combination were evaluated and analyzed using analysis of variance.The seedlings grading was performed according to the national standard of apple seedlings.The results showed that when the self-rooted,all rootstock and scion combinations achieved a seedling height and thickness obove 70%for the first-order seedling rate,among the scion combinations,MM111,Emla,M26 and MM101 exhibited significantly lower seedling height,indicating better dwarfism.The seedling thickness of Malus robusta,M7,MM101,M26 and Emla rootstock and scion combinations was significantly higher than other combinations.When interstock was used as the rootstock,all rootstock and scion combinations achieved a first-order seedling rate of 100%in terms of seedling height.However,Pajam2,Nakb,and Malus robusta exhibited a first-order seedling rate above 70%for seedling thickness,with Nakb and Malus robusta showing significantly higher seedling thickness than other rootstock and scion combinations,‘Nagano Fuji No.2’apple seedlings exhibited superior seedling height and thickness compared to‘Liquan Fuji No.1’apple seedlings within the same rootstock and scion types.‘Nagano Fuji No.2’apple seedlings with self-rootstocks M9-T337 and MM106 outperformed‘Liquan Fuji No.1’apple seedlings in terms of anvil coarseness ratio,while the opposite effect was observed with intermediate rootstocks.Moreover,no significant difference in anvil coarseness ratio was found between self-rootstocks and interstocks,regardless of the cultivar being‘Nagano Fuji No.2’or‘Liquan Fuji No.1’.

关 键 词：苹果 砧穗组合 早花早果性 苗木分级 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]