太原市PM_(10)暴露对学生呼吸系统症状的急性影响  

Acute effect of PM_(10)on the respiratory symptom of students in Taiyuan,China

作　　者：张志琴[1] 刘旭辉[1] 苏兵[1] 马利刚[1] ZHANG Zhi-qin;LIU Xu-hui;SU Bing;MA Li-gang(Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Taiyuan 030012,China)

机构地区：[1]太原市疾病预防控制中心,太原030012

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2023年第10期747-751,共5页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

摘　　要：目的探讨太原市PM_(10)暴露对学生呼吸系统症状的急性影响。方法收集2017—2019年太原市空气污染国控监测点1 km范围内所有中小学及幼儿园的学生呼吸系统症状监测数据,按照发病日期、学校所对应的空气污染物监测点匹配相应污染物浓度,应用时间分层病例交叉研究设计,选择条件Logistic回归模型,评估PM_(10)暴露对学生呼吸系统症状发生的滞后效应和累积效应。结果研究期间太原市PM_(10)每日浓度中位值为122μg/m^(3),超过国家环境空气质量二级标准(150μg/m^(3))307 d,占28%。发病当天至前1天(lag0~lag1 d)、前3天至前7天(lag3~lag7 d)、累积2天至累积8天(lag01~lag07 d)的PM_(10)暴露对学生呼吸系统症状发生的危险度评估有统计学意义(P<0.05),最强效应期为污染后第4天,PM_(10)每升高10μg/m^(3),学生呼吸系统症状发生增长1.4%[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):1.1%,1.8%]。按照年级分人群分析结果显示,空气污染对幼儿园学生影响最大,其次为小学低年级(一至三年级)、中学(初高中)和小学高年级(四至六年级),PM_(10)每升高10μg/m^(3),学生呼吸系统症状发生分别增长2.0%(95%CI:1.6%,2.5%)、1.5%(95%CI:0.3%,2.7%)、1.4%(95%CI:0.7%,2.1%)和0.8%(95%CI:0.2%,1.4%)。结论太原市PM_(10)暴露对学生呼吸系统症状发生具有急性健康影响,且对中小学及幼儿园学生影响程度不同,学校应合理安排学生户外活动类型及活动时间。Objective To investigate the acute effect of PM_(10)on the respiratory symptoms of students in Taiyuan,China.Methods Surveillance data about respiratory symptom of the students were collected in all primary/secondary schools and kindergarten within the 1 km of the national air pollution surveillance sites in Taiyuan from 2017 to 2019,and daily concentrations of air pollutants were matched according to the date of disease onset and the corresponding surveillance site for each school.A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to assess the lag effect and cumulative effect of PM_(10)on the appearance of symptoms of respiratory system in students by a conditional logistic regression model.Results The median of daily concentration of PM_(10)was 122μg/m^(3)in Taiyuan during the study period,with number of days exceeding national secondary ambient air quality standard(150μg/m^(3))being 307(28%).The effects of PM_(10)at lag0-lag1,lag3-lag7,and lag01-lag07 days had a statistical significance on the risk assessment of symptoms(P<0.05),with the strongest effect within 4 days after PM_(10)exposure.For every 10μg/m^(3)increase of PM_(10),the incidence rate of symptoms of respiratory system was increased by 1.4%[95%confidence internal(CI):1.1%,1.8%].The results by grade showed that air pollution had the greatest impact on kindergarten students,followed by lower primary school(grades 1 to 3),middle school(middle and high school),and upper primary school(grades 4 to 6).For every 10μg/m^(3)increase of PM_(10),the incidence of respiratory symptoms was increased by 2.0%(95%CI:1.6%,2.5%),1.5%(95%CI:0.3%,2.7%),1.4%(95%CI:0.7%,2.1%)and 0.8%(95%CI:0.2%,1.4%),respectively.Conclusion PM_(10)has an acute health effect on respiratory symptoms in students in Taiyuan,and the impact on primary and secondary school students and kindergarten students is different.The schools should arrange type and time of outdoor activities reasonably for students.

关 键 词：空气污染 症状监测 学生 时间分层病例交叉研究 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]