2021年内蒙古自治区农村饮用水砷、镉、铬、铅和汞健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of arsenic,cadmium,chromium,lead and mercury in rural drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,2021

作　　者：岳宣志 李欢[1] 高昇 张向楠 李丽 武多多 张雯宇 贾芯芮 秦钰涵 范耀春 YUE Xuan-zhi;LI Huan;GAO Sheng;ZHANG Xiang-nan;LI Li;WU Duo-duo;ZHANG Wen-yu;JIA Xin-rui;QIN Yu-han;FAN Yao-chun(Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010059,China;Department of Environmental Health,Inner Mongolia Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention;Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Techology)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学,呼和浩特010059 [2]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科 [3]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2023年第10期765-769,777,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：2022年度内蒙古自治区卫生健康科技计划项目(202201156)。

摘　　要：目的评估2021年内蒙古自治区农村饮用水砷、镉、铬、铅和汞的健康风险。方法对2021年内蒙古自治区农村5044份饮用水数据进行分析,采用《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》推荐的健康风险评估“四步法”对砷、镉、铬、铅和汞进行风险评估。结果2021年内蒙古自治区农村饮用水对成年人和儿童的健康风险主要暴露途径为经口摄入,儿童的风险水平均高于成人。致癌风险较高的为铬(成人:1.38×10^(-4),儿童:1.49×10^(-4))和砷(成人:1.18×10^(-4),儿童:1.28×10^(-4)),超出美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的最大可接受风险;非致癌风险水平均小于1,非致癌风险较低。内蒙古不同地区的农村饮用水砷、镉、铬和铅的浓度和健康风险水平均为西部地区>中部地区>东部地区(P<0.05),镉和铬的浓度和健康风险水平均为枯水期>丰水期(P<0.05),砷、镉、铅的浓度和健康风险水平均为出厂水<末梢水(P<0.05)。结论2021年内蒙古自治区农村地区饮用水中砷和铬的致癌风险高于US EPA推荐的最大可接受风险,应加强当地水质监测与管理。Objective To evaluate the health risks of arsenic,cadmium,chromium,lead and mercury in rural drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021.Methods The data of 5044 drinking water samples in rural areas of Inner Mongolia Au-tonomous Region in 2021 were analyzed,and the risk assessment of arsenic,cadmium,chromium,lead and mercury were evaluated u-sing the"four-step method"recommended by the Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure.Results In 2021,the main exposure route of health risks of rural drinking water to adults and children in Inner Mongolia was oral in-take,and the risk level of children was higher than that of adults.Chromium had a higher risk of cancer(adults:1.38×10^(-4),chil-dren:1.49×10^(-4))and arsenic(adult:1.18×10^(-4),children:1.28×10^(-4)),exceeding the maximum acceptable risk recommended by the US EPA;The non carcinogenic risk level was less than 1,and the non-carcinogenic risk level was relatively low.The mass concen-trations and health risk levels of arsenic,cadmium,chromium and lead varied statistically significantly in different areas,ranking as west>centre>east.There were statistically significant differences in the mass concentrations and health risk levels of cadmium and chro-mium in the wet season and dry season(P<0.05),and both were higher in the dry season than in the wet season.The mass concentra-tions and health risk levels of arsenic,cadmium and lead were statistically significant in different water sample types(P<0.05),with finished water<terminal water.Conclusion The carcinogenic risk of arsenic and chromium in drinking water in rural areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021 was higher than the maximum acceptable risk recommended by US EPA.Local water quality mo-nitoring and management should be strengthened.

关 键 词：饮用水 风险评估 金属和类金属 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]