水体浊度不同测量原理的对比分析  

Comparative analysis of different measurement principles of water turbidity

作　　者：李红[1,2] 鲍玉海 贺秀斌[1] LI Hong;BAO Yuhai;HE Xiubin(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,610299,Chengdu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,100049,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610299 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2023年第5期1-8,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“长江上游水库消落带土壤侵蚀机理及其生态利用模式”(U2040207);四川省科技计划重点研发项目“大型水库消落带土壤—植被演变机理与植被恢复技术研究”(2022YFS0471)。

摘　　要：浊度是河流、湖泊、水库等水体水质检测的重要指标之一。浊度计作为浊度测量的常用仪器,测量原理多种,为在当前水质评价工作中获取水体的真实浊度。通过梳理浊度计测量水体浊度的原理,分析不同测量原理的优劣势。表明浊度计的测量原理分为透射式,散射式,透射散射式,其中散射式的具有多种入射角度。研究发现:1)就浊度计的光源而言,红外LED的稳定性和光学系统更稳定。2)透射式适用于>2000 NTU的水体。90°散射式、后向散射式、表面散射式分别适用于浊度<2000 NTU、10~4000 NTU、0~1000 NTU范围内的水体。透射散射式灵敏度高,但测量范围有一定的局限性。3)不同适用场景下,实验室式精度较高。现场在线式可连续监测,其测量精度仅次于实验室台式。便携式便于移动测量,但精度和量程也较小。通过总结不同测量原理浊度计的适用性,确定适用于不同水体浊度监测的方法与仪器,可为水质监测与评价提供参考。[Background]Turbidity is one of the important indexes of water quality detection in rivers,lakes,and reservoirs.As a common instrument and equipment for water turbidity measurement,the turbidity meter has a wide variety of measurement methods.In the current water quality evaluation work,the applicable conditions and scope of the turbidity meter are often ignored,and the true turbidity of the water body cannot be obtained,This paper summarizes numerous literature,sorts out the advantages and disadvantages of various measurement methods of turbidity,and helps readers to choose turnitacturometer in an appropriate environment.[Methods]In the measurement method of turbidity,the calculation method,remote sensing inversion method,analogy method,turbidification method and photoelectric detection method are obtained.The calculation method calculates the turbidity through the sediment chlorophyll in the water,and the remote sensing inversion method is to reverse the turbidity by using the empirical model.The comparison method is to replace the turbidity.The photoelectric detection method is to obtain the turbidity by judging the light intensity absorbed or reflected by the liquid to be measured.When the turbidity value of the tested solution is>10000,a desktop laboratory neopidometer can be used to determine the diluted tested liquid.[Results]From the selection of turbidimeter light source,the color,stability,luminescence intensity,measurement of particles and optical system of tungsten halogen lamp and infrared LED are analyzed.The comparison shows that infrared LED has wider applicability.Measurement methods are divided into indirect measurement and direct measurement,indirect method is divided into calculation method,remote sensing inversion method,analogy method.Direct measurement methods include:turbidimetric method,photoelectric detection method.The current commonly used method is photoelectric detection method in direct measurement.According to the optical path principle of photoelectric detection method,incident li

关 键 词：水质 水体浊度 浊度计 测量原理 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]