易地扶贫搬迁农户非农就业与耕地撂荒:就业区域还是就业质量重要?  

Non-agricultural employment and farmland abandonment of relocated households of poverty alleviation:Employment area or employment quality more important?

作　　者：孙晶晶 黎洁[1] SUN Jing-jing;LI Jie(School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2023年第10期2536-2553,共18页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AGL033);国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD183);国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(72022014)。

摘　　要：统筹易地扶贫搬迁迁出区土地资源及迁入区就业资源,有助于实现移民生计可持续发展。利用陕西省易地扶贫搬迁1258份微观农户数据,运用Heckman模型分析了非农就业区域对耕地撂荒的影响,并考察了非农就业质量的调节作用。结果表明:(1)不同非农就业区域对搬迁农户耕地撂荒行为和规模均呈显著正向影响,但异地非农就业的边际效应均高于本地非农就业。(2)非农就业质量(就业稳定性)强化了不同区域非农就业对撂荒规模的影响,且非农就业区域因素对耕地撂荒的贡献值要高于非农就业质量。(3)异质性分析表明,家庭男性劳动力、老一代劳动力的异地非农就业对耕地撂荒行为及规模的促进作用更大。在此基础上,提出了推动迁入地县域经济发展、协调统筹后续就业帮扶与迁出区耕地资源再配置、推进迁出区土地综合整治、完善农业社会化服务体系建设等对策建议。Coordinating farmland resources in the emigration region and the employment resources in resettlement area in the poverty alleviation resettlement(PAR)program can contribute to the sustainable development of resettlers'livelihoods.The Heckman model was used to explore the influence of non-agricultural employment areas on farmland abandonment and examines the moderating effect of non-agricultural employment quality by using data from 1258 micro-scale resettlers of the PAR program in Shaanxi province.The results show that:(1)Different employment areas have a significant and positive impact on the behavior and scale of farmland abandonment,but the marginal effect of labor transfer out of the county(LTO)on their farmland abandonment behavior and scale of relocated households is higher than that of labor transfer within the county(LTI).(2)The quality of non-agricultural employment strengthens the impact of LTO and LTI on the scale of farmland abandonment,and non-agricultural employment areas have a stronger effect on farmland abandonment than the quality of non-agricultural employment.(3)Heterogeneity analysis shows that the LTO of male labor members and older generations labor members have a greater effect on the behavior and scale of farmland abandonment.Based on this,targeted suggestions for improving the efficiency of farmland use and curbing farmland abandonment are put forward,including promoting county economic growth,coordinating the follow-up employment support and the re-allocation of farmland resources in the emigration region,implementing land consolidation,and improving agricultural social service system.

关 键 词：易地扶贫搬迁 农户 耕地撂荒 非农就业区域 非农就业质量 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] D632.4[政治法律—政治学] F249.27[政治法律—中外政治制度] F323.211